INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY - EXAM #2
QUESTIONNS AND ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED
Social Stratification - ANSWER-Refers to a system by which a society ranks
categories of people in a hierarchy.
4 Principles of Social Stratification - ANSWER-1. It is a trait of society, not a
reflection of individual differences.
2. It persists over generations.
3. It's universal but variable.
4. It involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.
Social Inequality - ANSWER-The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for
different social positions or statuses within a group or society.
Conflict Theory - ANSWER-Focuses on power and inequality.
- Competition for scarce resources
3 Basic Assumptions of Conflict Theory - ANSWER-- People have interests
- Power is at the heart of social structure
- Values and ideas are not necessarily source of integration and aid
Marxist Perspective - ANSWER-Alienation and Exploitation
Alienation - Marx - ANSWER-Increase in value of the world of things --> devaluation
of the human world
Exploitation - Marx - ANSWER-A man's relation to another is based on his position
as a worker
Weber's Perspective - ANSWER-Private Ownership and Exploitation
Objectification of Labor - Marx - ANSWER-Objects are independent of labor itself
and alien to the workers
Work is External, Not Natural to Workers - Marx - ANSWER-All they can control:
eating, drinking, fornicating
Alienated Labor - Marx - ANSWER-- Alienates nature from man
- Alienates man from himself
- Turns the species-life of man and nature into an alien being, and a means for his
individual existence respectively
Structural Functionalist Perspective - ANSWER-Focuses on consensus and
cooperative interaction in social life
, (Not really a theory of stratification)
- Spencer's Social Darwinism
(Survival of the Fittest)
Davies and Moore's Perspective - ANSWER-- Inequalities are inherent to society
- Inequality has to serve a purpose
(Society needs to motivate people)
- Talent
(People with talent have opportunity and should receive compensation)
- Most important positions are filled by the most qualified persons.
Different Classes - ANSWER-Privileged, majority, lower
Privileged (Upper Class) - ANSWER-Capitalist class: investments and wealth
Privileged (Upper-Middle Class) - ANSWER-Specialized knowledge and expertise to
the economy, education
Majority (Middle Class) - ANSWER-30% of the population, some qualification
Majority (Working Class) - ANSWER-Low-paid workers, about 30% of the population
Lower (Working Poor) - ANSWER-Provides labor and services
Lower (Underclass) - ANSWER-Chronically unemployed people, strong stigma
(12%)
Davies and Moore's Perspective
(Cullen and Novick 1979) - ANSWER-Other things being equal (specifically
importance, talent, and training):
- the more agreeable a position is, the less its rewards, the more disagreeable a
position, the greater its rewards.
- the more important a position is, the greater are its rewards.
- the more training a position requires, the greater are its rewards.
- the more talent a position requires, the greater are its rewards.
Summing up Davies and Moore's Perspective according to Cullen and Novick -
ANSWER-The highest rewards are reserved for positions that are important and
require long training or special talent or are highly disagreeable.
Power Elite Theories - ANSWER-Focuses on the imbalance of power.
Not equal to Pluralism.
C. Wright Mills - Power Elite Theories - ANSWER-- Influence of Marx
- Studied the privileged class
- & the distribution of power in American society
3 Branches of Power Elite - ANSWER-Political, Corporate, Military
QUESTIONNS AND ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED
Social Stratification - ANSWER-Refers to a system by which a society ranks
categories of people in a hierarchy.
4 Principles of Social Stratification - ANSWER-1. It is a trait of society, not a
reflection of individual differences.
2. It persists over generations.
3. It's universal but variable.
4. It involves not just inequality but beliefs as well.
Social Inequality - ANSWER-The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for
different social positions or statuses within a group or society.
Conflict Theory - ANSWER-Focuses on power and inequality.
- Competition for scarce resources
3 Basic Assumptions of Conflict Theory - ANSWER-- People have interests
- Power is at the heart of social structure
- Values and ideas are not necessarily source of integration and aid
Marxist Perspective - ANSWER-Alienation and Exploitation
Alienation - Marx - ANSWER-Increase in value of the world of things --> devaluation
of the human world
Exploitation - Marx - ANSWER-A man's relation to another is based on his position
as a worker
Weber's Perspective - ANSWER-Private Ownership and Exploitation
Objectification of Labor - Marx - ANSWER-Objects are independent of labor itself
and alien to the workers
Work is External, Not Natural to Workers - Marx - ANSWER-All they can control:
eating, drinking, fornicating
Alienated Labor - Marx - ANSWER-- Alienates nature from man
- Alienates man from himself
- Turns the species-life of man and nature into an alien being, and a means for his
individual existence respectively
Structural Functionalist Perspective - ANSWER-Focuses on consensus and
cooperative interaction in social life
, (Not really a theory of stratification)
- Spencer's Social Darwinism
(Survival of the Fittest)
Davies and Moore's Perspective - ANSWER-- Inequalities are inherent to society
- Inequality has to serve a purpose
(Society needs to motivate people)
- Talent
(People with talent have opportunity and should receive compensation)
- Most important positions are filled by the most qualified persons.
Different Classes - ANSWER-Privileged, majority, lower
Privileged (Upper Class) - ANSWER-Capitalist class: investments and wealth
Privileged (Upper-Middle Class) - ANSWER-Specialized knowledge and expertise to
the economy, education
Majority (Middle Class) - ANSWER-30% of the population, some qualification
Majority (Working Class) - ANSWER-Low-paid workers, about 30% of the population
Lower (Working Poor) - ANSWER-Provides labor and services
Lower (Underclass) - ANSWER-Chronically unemployed people, strong stigma
(12%)
Davies and Moore's Perspective
(Cullen and Novick 1979) - ANSWER-Other things being equal (specifically
importance, talent, and training):
- the more agreeable a position is, the less its rewards, the more disagreeable a
position, the greater its rewards.
- the more important a position is, the greater are its rewards.
- the more training a position requires, the greater are its rewards.
- the more talent a position requires, the greater are its rewards.
Summing up Davies and Moore's Perspective according to Cullen and Novick -
ANSWER-The highest rewards are reserved for positions that are important and
require long training or special talent or are highly disagreeable.
Power Elite Theories - ANSWER-Focuses on the imbalance of power.
Not equal to Pluralism.
C. Wright Mills - Power Elite Theories - ANSWER-- Influence of Marx
- Studied the privileged class
- & the distribution of power in American society
3 Branches of Power Elite - ANSWER-Political, Corporate, Military
