Travel and Tourism Midterm – Study Guide, Revision Notes, and
Practice Questions
Grand Tour - correct answer ✔✔(1613-1785)
- Luxurious travel & tourism activities, originated with wealthy English & soon spread.
- Participants traveled throughout Europe (France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany) to experience
cultures & acquire knowledge.
- Travel became status symbol.
What was the role of the "Grand Tour" in the development of tourism? - correct answer ✔✔-
became business necessity & leisure activity.
- nations moved from agricultural/commercial focus to modern industrialism.
Integrated Model of Tourism: - correct answer ✔✔- TRAVELERS (focal point, tourists)
- TOURISM PROMOTERS: travel agents, incentive & meeting planners, direct marketing, tourist
boards, & tour operators.
- TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLIERS: accommodations, food/beverage, transportation,
attractions/entertainment, & destinations.
- EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: economy, politics, technology, environment, & society/culture.
Travelers - correct answer ✔✔- focal point, tourists
Tourism Promoters - correct answer ✔✔- 1st ring.
- travel agents, incentive & meeting planners, direct marketing, tourist boards, & tour operators.
- provide info & other marketing services.
Tourism Service Suppliers - correct answer ✔✔- 2nd ring.
,- accommodations, food/beverage, transportation, attractions & entertainment, & destinations.
- work independently or together.
External Environment - correct answer ✔✔- 3rd ring.
- economy, politics, technology, environment, & society/culture.
Tourist Gaze - correct answer ✔✔- Frames our understanding of how tourists view a particular
destination/location. (ppl collect images they've seen elsewhere)
- Destinations/sites will arrange themselves to produce the desired gaze.
- Developed by John Urry, British sociologist (1990)
- Types: romantic, collective, dark tourism
Who developed the "Tourist Gaze" & what are the different types? - correct answer ✔✔- John
Urry
* Romantic: makes one feel emotion
* Collective: concerts, festivals
* Dark Tourism: all memorial
Thomas Cook - correct answer ✔✔- Inventor of the package tour.
- (1841) used expanded rail lines to launch tours of the UK countryside.
- organized trips, included food & transport.
- published literature: The First Tourism
3 major business areas important for tourism: - correct answer ✔✔- marketing
- management
- finance
, Marketing - correct answer ✔✔- provides insight into why people travel + approaches to
meeting their needs as they travel.
- Marketing Mix: Product, Price, Place, Promotion.
- production orientation, sales orientation, consumer orientation.
Management - correct answer ✔✔- provides insight into the processes needed to meet
societies' & visitors' current & future demands.
- unified approach to planning, organizing, directing, & controlling present & future actions to
accomplish organizational goals.
Finance - correct answer ✔✔- provide tools needed to understand, design, & supply profitable
levels of visitor services. (Revenues & expenses)
- 3 building blocks (ROI)
1. Margin (amnt of each $ sign remaining after operating expenses have been deducted)
2. Turnover (# of times each $ of operating assets have been used to produce a $ of sales)
3. Leverage (borrowed funds are being used)
Demographics - correct answer ✔✔- age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation,
socioeconomic status (income), geodemographics (location-country, state, county, ZIP)
Psychographics - correct answer ✔✔- religion, life stage (single, married, divorced, w/ w/o
children), desired lifestyle, psychocentric, allocentric, cohort (silent generation, baby boomers,
generation x/y, millennials)
Expected Quality - correct answer ✔✔- level of quality customer predicts he/she will receive
from a good or service.
Actual Quality - correct answer ✔✔- level of quality a customer perceives following the
consumption of a good/service.
Practice Questions
Grand Tour - correct answer ✔✔(1613-1785)
- Luxurious travel & tourism activities, originated with wealthy English & soon spread.
- Participants traveled throughout Europe (France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany) to experience
cultures & acquire knowledge.
- Travel became status symbol.
What was the role of the "Grand Tour" in the development of tourism? - correct answer ✔✔-
became business necessity & leisure activity.
- nations moved from agricultural/commercial focus to modern industrialism.
Integrated Model of Tourism: - correct answer ✔✔- TRAVELERS (focal point, tourists)
- TOURISM PROMOTERS: travel agents, incentive & meeting planners, direct marketing, tourist
boards, & tour operators.
- TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLIERS: accommodations, food/beverage, transportation,
attractions/entertainment, & destinations.
- EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: economy, politics, technology, environment, & society/culture.
Travelers - correct answer ✔✔- focal point, tourists
Tourism Promoters - correct answer ✔✔- 1st ring.
- travel agents, incentive & meeting planners, direct marketing, tourist boards, & tour operators.
- provide info & other marketing services.
Tourism Service Suppliers - correct answer ✔✔- 2nd ring.
,- accommodations, food/beverage, transportation, attractions & entertainment, & destinations.
- work independently or together.
External Environment - correct answer ✔✔- 3rd ring.
- economy, politics, technology, environment, & society/culture.
Tourist Gaze - correct answer ✔✔- Frames our understanding of how tourists view a particular
destination/location. (ppl collect images they've seen elsewhere)
- Destinations/sites will arrange themselves to produce the desired gaze.
- Developed by John Urry, British sociologist (1990)
- Types: romantic, collective, dark tourism
Who developed the "Tourist Gaze" & what are the different types? - correct answer ✔✔- John
Urry
* Romantic: makes one feel emotion
* Collective: concerts, festivals
* Dark Tourism: all memorial
Thomas Cook - correct answer ✔✔- Inventor of the package tour.
- (1841) used expanded rail lines to launch tours of the UK countryside.
- organized trips, included food & transport.
- published literature: The First Tourism
3 major business areas important for tourism: - correct answer ✔✔- marketing
- management
- finance
, Marketing - correct answer ✔✔- provides insight into why people travel + approaches to
meeting their needs as they travel.
- Marketing Mix: Product, Price, Place, Promotion.
- production orientation, sales orientation, consumer orientation.
Management - correct answer ✔✔- provides insight into the processes needed to meet
societies' & visitors' current & future demands.
- unified approach to planning, organizing, directing, & controlling present & future actions to
accomplish organizational goals.
Finance - correct answer ✔✔- provide tools needed to understand, design, & supply profitable
levels of visitor services. (Revenues & expenses)
- 3 building blocks (ROI)
1. Margin (amnt of each $ sign remaining after operating expenses have been deducted)
2. Turnover (# of times each $ of operating assets have been used to produce a $ of sales)
3. Leverage (borrowed funds are being used)
Demographics - correct answer ✔✔- age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation,
socioeconomic status (income), geodemographics (location-country, state, county, ZIP)
Psychographics - correct answer ✔✔- religion, life stage (single, married, divorced, w/ w/o
children), desired lifestyle, psychocentric, allocentric, cohort (silent generation, baby boomers,
generation x/y, millennials)
Expected Quality - correct answer ✔✔- level of quality customer predicts he/she will receive
from a good or service.
Actual Quality - correct answer ✔✔- level of quality a customer perceives following the
consumption of a good/service.
