EDF 6222 Final results with
questions and correct answers
psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWERS-While some methodological behaviorists accept that
there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new
concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - CORRECT ANSWERS-behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of
logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations,
images, and feelings
philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - CORRECT ANSWERS-With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive
mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWERS-In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior
analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing
___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could
have produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS-Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available,
assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWERS-"___ is more than the mere description of events as they
occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events
(Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
, mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWERS-In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions
to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled
conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion.
His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - CORRECT ANSWERS-The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for
the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be
conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the
process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the
organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will
never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWERS-According to Skinner, contingencies of
reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement
"Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively
__ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWERS-is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWERS-is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire
species.
chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWERS-It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and
phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it may seem
mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the
shaping process was not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a
spider spin a web "no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at
work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
questions and correct answers
psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWERS-While some methodological behaviorists accept that
there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new
concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - CORRECT ANSWERS-behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of
logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWERS-Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations,
images, and feelings
philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - CORRECT ANSWERS-With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive
mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWERS-In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior
analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing
___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could
have produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS-Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available,
assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWERS-"___ is more than the mere description of events as they
occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events
(Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
, mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWERS-In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions
to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled
conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion.
His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - CORRECT ANSWERS-The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for
the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be
conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWERS-Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the
process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the
organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will
never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWERS-According to Skinner, contingencies of
reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement
"Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively
__ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWERS-is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWERS-is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire
species.
chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWERS-It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and
phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it may seem
mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the
shaping process was not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a
spider spin a web "no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at
work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
