Zoology 523 Exam 2 ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
C
Terms in this set (285)
Tastant taste-provoking chemical
taste receptor cell respond to tastants
receptor potential a stimulus induced change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor
sensory transduction the process by which an environmental stimulus causes a change in receptor
potential in a sensory receptor cell
how many TRCs in a taste bud? 50-150
where do TRCs synapse onto? gustatory afferent axons
Central taste pathway Taste receptor cells --> gustatory nucleus --> VPM of thalamus --> gustatory
cortex
Taste receptor cells and gustatory afferent axons can respond to more than one basic taste, but have preferences
2 multiple choice options
Saltiness is detected by an ion channel, Na+
Sourness is detected by ion channels, H+ and K+
Sweetness is detected by GPCRs, T1R2 and T1R3
Bitterness is detected by 25 different T2R GPCRs
Umami is detected by GPCRs, t1R1 and T1R3
Detection of saltiness and sourness releases serotonin to activate gustatory afferent axons
How does sourness detection work? Activates H+ selective channels which causes K+ selective channels to be blocked
How do the GPCRs involved with taste work? 1. gpcr is activated 2. Tricers the PLC-IP3-Ca signalling cascade 3. cell depolarized
and activates gustatory afferent axons
what do GPCRs release to activates GAA? ATP
Odorant chemical that stimulates the sense of smell
, Olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) neuron that senses airborne odorants via specialized receptor proteins
glomerulus recieves input from one type of ORN expressing the same receptor
sensory map an orderly arrangement of neurons that correlate with certain features of the
environment
population coding neural representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of a large number of
neurons
temporal coding the representation of information by the timing of action potentials rather than by
their average rate
Mechanism of olfactory transduction Go practice, on lecture 1 slide 41 and 42
How many odorant receptors does each ORN express? 1
2 multiple choice options
each ORN can be activated by multiple odorants TRUE
1 multiple choice option
What are odorants represented by? Combinatorial activation of ORNs?
Calcium imaging can be used to visualize neuron activity
why can you use calcium imaging to visualize neuron if you use fluorescent calcium indicators, you can see when calcium is released by
activity? the neuron (when it activates and releases NT)
How does the olfactory system use population coding? the brain relies on activation of c
sound pitch frequency
characteristic frequency at given intensity, frequency at which a neuron is most responsive
tonotopy refers to basilar membrane; higher frequencies are at the base and low
frequencies are at the apex
phase lock the consistent firing of a neuron at the same phase of a sound wave
interaural time delay difference in time for sound to reach each ear
interaural intensity difference sound at one ear less intense because of head's sound shadow
stages of the auditory pathway practice (lecture 2 slide 9)
the middle ear sound force amplification by the ossicles
C
Terms in this set (285)
Tastant taste-provoking chemical
taste receptor cell respond to tastants
receptor potential a stimulus induced change in the membrane potential of a sensory receptor
sensory transduction the process by which an environmental stimulus causes a change in receptor
potential in a sensory receptor cell
how many TRCs in a taste bud? 50-150
where do TRCs synapse onto? gustatory afferent axons
Central taste pathway Taste receptor cells --> gustatory nucleus --> VPM of thalamus --> gustatory
cortex
Taste receptor cells and gustatory afferent axons can respond to more than one basic taste, but have preferences
2 multiple choice options
Saltiness is detected by an ion channel, Na+
Sourness is detected by ion channels, H+ and K+
Sweetness is detected by GPCRs, T1R2 and T1R3
Bitterness is detected by 25 different T2R GPCRs
Umami is detected by GPCRs, t1R1 and T1R3
Detection of saltiness and sourness releases serotonin to activate gustatory afferent axons
How does sourness detection work? Activates H+ selective channels which causes K+ selective channels to be blocked
How do the GPCRs involved with taste work? 1. gpcr is activated 2. Tricers the PLC-IP3-Ca signalling cascade 3. cell depolarized
and activates gustatory afferent axons
what do GPCRs release to activates GAA? ATP
Odorant chemical that stimulates the sense of smell
, Olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) neuron that senses airborne odorants via specialized receptor proteins
glomerulus recieves input from one type of ORN expressing the same receptor
sensory map an orderly arrangement of neurons that correlate with certain features of the
environment
population coding neural representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of a large number of
neurons
temporal coding the representation of information by the timing of action potentials rather than by
their average rate
Mechanism of olfactory transduction Go practice, on lecture 1 slide 41 and 42
How many odorant receptors does each ORN express? 1
2 multiple choice options
each ORN can be activated by multiple odorants TRUE
1 multiple choice option
What are odorants represented by? Combinatorial activation of ORNs?
Calcium imaging can be used to visualize neuron activity
why can you use calcium imaging to visualize neuron if you use fluorescent calcium indicators, you can see when calcium is released by
activity? the neuron (when it activates and releases NT)
How does the olfactory system use population coding? the brain relies on activation of c
sound pitch frequency
characteristic frequency at given intensity, frequency at which a neuron is most responsive
tonotopy refers to basilar membrane; higher frequencies are at the base and low
frequencies are at the apex
phase lock the consistent firing of a neuron at the same phase of a sound wave
interaural time delay difference in time for sound to reach each ear
interaural intensity difference sound at one ear less intense because of head's sound shadow
stages of the auditory pathway practice (lecture 2 slide 9)
the middle ear sound force amplification by the ossicles
