ZOOLOGY 523 EXAM 1 ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
Terms in this set (174)
neuron nerve cell
glial cells insulate, support and nourish neighboring neurons
Nissl stain a histological stain that outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to
RNA, which encircles the nucleus
Golgi stain a neural stain that completely darkens a few of the neurons in each slice of tissue,
thereby revealing their silhouettes
soma cell body
neurites axons and dendrites
axon the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
dendrites Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
Neuron Doctrine The idea that individual d neurons transmit signals in the nervous system, and that
these cells are not continuous with other cells as proposed by nerve net theory
gene expression reading of the DNA
protein synthesis the assembly of proteins from amino acids that occurs at ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and is based on information carried by mRNA
transcription process of assembling a piece of mRNA that contains information of a gene
promoter specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin
transcription
transcription factors Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the
initiation of transcription
terminator A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals
RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule, which then departs
from the gene
RNA splicing Process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining
exons are joined together.
Central Dogma DNA-transcription-mRNA-translation-protein
, gene copy number variations in some diseases, long stretches of DNA that contain missing or duplicated genes,
leading to over expression of specific proteins; often occur at conception
mutations Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of
nucleotides. A single protein may be grossly abnormal or missing entirely,
disrupting normal neuronal functioning
single nucleotide polymorphism variation in a DNA sequence occurring when a single nucleotide in a genome is
altered
Wallerian degeneration degeneration of the distal portion of the axon and myelin sheath
axoplasmic transport an active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run
the length of the axon
anterograde transport movement down the axon away from soma
retrograde transport movement up the axon toward the soma
stellate cells small star-shaped cortical interneurons
pyramidal cells large neurons of primary motor cortex
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to blue light
Astrocyte fills most of spaces between neurons, regulate chemical content of extracellular
space
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS
ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid
microglia Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune
system
tools that neurons use to move things passive channels, voltage-gated channels, ion pump used by neuron
what does the neuron need to support high internal lots of ATP
activity?
function of glial cells help nourish and support neurons
(50 glial cells to 1 neuron)
tonic consistent action potentials
burstin pattern can help create rhythmic patterns with other neurons
different stimuli produce different action potentials you can deduce what is happening in the environment
Terms in this set (174)
neuron nerve cell
glial cells insulate, support and nourish neighboring neurons
Nissl stain a histological stain that outlines all cell bodies because the dyes are attracted to
RNA, which encircles the nucleus
Golgi stain a neural stain that completely darkens a few of the neurons in each slice of tissue,
thereby revealing their silhouettes
soma cell body
neurites axons and dendrites
axon the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
dendrites Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
Neuron Doctrine The idea that individual d neurons transmit signals in the nervous system, and that
these cells are not continuous with other cells as proposed by nerve net theory
gene expression reading of the DNA
protein synthesis the assembly of proteins from amino acids that occurs at ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and is based on information carried by mRNA
transcription process of assembling a piece of mRNA that contains information of a gene
promoter specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin
transcription
transcription factors Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the
initiation of transcription
terminator A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals
RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule, which then departs
from the gene
RNA splicing Process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining
exons are joined together.
Central Dogma DNA-transcription-mRNA-translation-protein
, gene copy number variations in some diseases, long stretches of DNA that contain missing or duplicated genes,
leading to over expression of specific proteins; often occur at conception
mutations Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of
nucleotides. A single protein may be grossly abnormal or missing entirely,
disrupting normal neuronal functioning
single nucleotide polymorphism variation in a DNA sequence occurring when a single nucleotide in a genome is
altered
Wallerian degeneration degeneration of the distal portion of the axon and myelin sheath
axoplasmic transport an active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run
the length of the axon
anterograde transport movement down the axon away from soma
retrograde transport movement up the axon toward the soma
stellate cells small star-shaped cortical interneurons
pyramidal cells large neurons of primary motor cortex
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) a protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to blue light
Astrocyte fills most of spaces between neurons, regulate chemical content of extracellular
space
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS
ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid
microglia Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune
system
tools that neurons use to move things passive channels, voltage-gated channels, ion pump used by neuron
what does the neuron need to support high internal lots of ATP
activity?
function of glial cells help nourish and support neurons
(50 glial cells to 1 neuron)
tonic consistent action potentials
burstin pattern can help create rhythmic patterns with other neurons
different stimuli produce different action potentials you can deduce what is happening in the environment
