Zoology 523 Exam 3 ACTUAL UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
C
Terms in this set (212)
von baer's laws 4 generalizations of vertebrate development
first generalization general features of a large group of animals appear earlier in development than
do specialized features of a smaller group
second generalization less general characters develop more general and then appear more specialized
third generalization the embryo of a species departs more and more from lower animals
fourth generalization the early embryo of a higher animal is never like a lower animal but only like its
early embryo
stages of development fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, metamorphosis,
gametogenesis
3 germ layers formed during gastrulation ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
ectoderm outer layer, skin, brain, neural crest
mesoderm middle layer, blood, heart, bones
endoderm inner layer, digestive tube and lungs
specification definition the first stage of commitment of cell or tissue fate where it differentiates
autonomously, can be reversed
induction definition the process where one cell population influences the development of
neighboring cells via close range interactions
, differentiation definition when an unspecialized cell becomes specialized
autonomous specification definition invariant cleavage produces the same lineage in each embryo of the species,
specification precedes cell migration
what specification do most invertebrates use autonomous and conditional specification
conditional specification definition cells are pluripotent, cell fate restricted on external cues but is malleable
fate map definition identification of groups of cells in the gastrula that will become a particular tissue
in adults
method 1 for fate mapping tracking inject cells with fluorescent tracking dye and see where they go
method 2 for fate mapping tracking transplant cells from quail embryo into chick, see where they go
where do the enteric nervous system and PNS come the neural crest
from
discovery of the spemann-mangold organizer discovered that transplanting cells from the blastopore lip of a blastula to another
embryo resulted in the formation of a second axis/nervous system
the organizer definition a piece of tissue in blastula that can program the cells around it to become the
body axis
where is the organizer formed at the dorsal blastopore lip
how does the organizer work it involutes and becomes mesoderm
which part of the organizer involutes first the anterior part
primary embryonic induction definition the process where the CNS forms through interactions with underlying mesoderm
functions of the organizer initiates movement of gastrulation, induces the formation of mesoderm, induces
the ectoderm to form the neural tube
what is the notochord a rod of mesodermal cells that is necessary for nervous system induction and
patterning
what does the organizer turn into the notochord
what is the nervous system inducing factor inhibition of one critical factor so ectoderm can become the nervous system
bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) a small protein that activates a BMP receptor and leads to the phosphorylation of
SMAD which enters the nucleus and activates transcription of target genes
how does BMP impact neural induction secreted by the mesoderm and induces ectoderm to become epidermis, the BMP
inhibitors from notochord and other organizer derived tissues prevent ectoderm
from becoming epidermis
C
Terms in this set (212)
von baer's laws 4 generalizations of vertebrate development
first generalization general features of a large group of animals appear earlier in development than
do specialized features of a smaller group
second generalization less general characters develop more general and then appear more specialized
third generalization the embryo of a species departs more and more from lower animals
fourth generalization the early embryo of a higher animal is never like a lower animal but only like its
early embryo
stages of development fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, metamorphosis,
gametogenesis
3 germ layers formed during gastrulation ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
ectoderm outer layer, skin, brain, neural crest
mesoderm middle layer, blood, heart, bones
endoderm inner layer, digestive tube and lungs
specification definition the first stage of commitment of cell or tissue fate where it differentiates
autonomously, can be reversed
induction definition the process where one cell population influences the development of
neighboring cells via close range interactions
, differentiation definition when an unspecialized cell becomes specialized
autonomous specification definition invariant cleavage produces the same lineage in each embryo of the species,
specification precedes cell migration
what specification do most invertebrates use autonomous and conditional specification
conditional specification definition cells are pluripotent, cell fate restricted on external cues but is malleable
fate map definition identification of groups of cells in the gastrula that will become a particular tissue
in adults
method 1 for fate mapping tracking inject cells with fluorescent tracking dye and see where they go
method 2 for fate mapping tracking transplant cells from quail embryo into chick, see where they go
where do the enteric nervous system and PNS come the neural crest
from
discovery of the spemann-mangold organizer discovered that transplanting cells from the blastopore lip of a blastula to another
embryo resulted in the formation of a second axis/nervous system
the organizer definition a piece of tissue in blastula that can program the cells around it to become the
body axis
where is the organizer formed at the dorsal blastopore lip
how does the organizer work it involutes and becomes mesoderm
which part of the organizer involutes first the anterior part
primary embryonic induction definition the process where the CNS forms through interactions with underlying mesoderm
functions of the organizer initiates movement of gastrulation, induces the formation of mesoderm, induces
the ectoderm to form the neural tube
what is the notochord a rod of mesodermal cells that is necessary for nervous system induction and
patterning
what does the organizer turn into the notochord
what is the nervous system inducing factor inhibition of one critical factor so ectoderm can become the nervous system
bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) a small protein that activates a BMP receptor and leads to the phosphorylation of
SMAD which enters the nucleus and activates transcription of target genes
how does BMP impact neural induction secreted by the mesoderm and induces ectoderm to become epidermis, the BMP
inhibitors from notochord and other organizer derived tissues prevent ectoderm
from becoming epidermis
