BIO 235 Final | Questions & Answers |
Study Pack | 100% Accurate
• carbonic anhydrase catalyzes -✓✓the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and
water into carbonic acid
• fixed phagocytic macrophages -✓✓remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
• Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages -✓✓narrow capillaries of the spleen
• Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside -✓✓in the bone marrow
• pluripotent stem cells -✓✓continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
• emigration or diapedesis -✓✓The process of leukocytes squeezing through the
capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
• agglutinins -✓✓genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on
the surface of an erythrocyte
• ESV -✓✓volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
• Increase in ESV when -✓✓stroke volume is decreased
• Three cations with important effect on heart function -✓✓K+, Ca2+, and Na+
• Increased blood levels of NA+ -✓✓blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of
contraction
• Excess in K+ -✓✓blocks generation of action potentials
• pharynx -✓✓serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
• larynx -✓✓passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
• paranasal sinuses -✓✓resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
• fauces -✓✓opening from oral cavity into pharynx
• tertiary bronchus -✓✓carries air to a segment of a lung
,• terminal bronchiole -✓✓carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
• pleural membranes -✓✓surround the lungs
• surfactant -✓✓reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
• alveoli -✓✓actual sites of gas exchange
• eupnea -✓✓normal, quiet breathing
• costal breathing -✓✓shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
• compliance -✓✓amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
• inspiratory capacity -✓✓tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600
mL in males
• vital capacity -✓✓tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve
volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
• functional residual capacity -✓✓residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually
about 2400 mL in males
• Henry's law -✓✓states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is
proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
• Bohr effect -✓✓when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
• Dalton's law -✓✓each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure
• medulla oblongata -✓✓sets basic rhythm of breathing
• pons -✓✓includes the pontine respiratory group
• Blood is -✓✓a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma (liquid) plus formed
elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
• Whole blood -✓✓blood plasma and formed elements
• Blood plasma -✓✓proteins, water, other solutes
• Blood plasma proteins -✓✓albumins (54%), globulins (36%), fibrinogens (7%)
, • Formed elements -✓✓red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
• Blood cell production -✓✓hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow after birth
• Reticulocyte -✓✓from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
• Average lifespan of an erythrocyte -✓✓120 days
• Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells -✓✓equals the rate of RBC destruction by
macrophages
• Emigration or diapedesis is -✓✓the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood
vessels
• WBCs use to destroy pathogens -✓✓lysozyme, defensins, and certain anions
• Neutrophils -✓✓are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection
• Macrophages -✓✓react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
• Pluripotent stem cells are derived from -✓✓mesenchyme
• Megakaryoblasts -✓✓platelet precursor cells, develop into megakaryocytes
• Platelet -✓✓fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of plasma
membrane
• Platelet plug -✓✓can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood vessel is small
enough
• Hemostasis -✓✓sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular spasm, platelet
plug formation, blood clotting
• Blood clot -✓✓gel that contains formed elements of the blood entangled in fibrin
threads
• In blood clotting -✓✓coagulation factors are activated in sequence, resulting in a
cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
• Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting -✓✓fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks into the blood
from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of
prothrombinase
Study Pack | 100% Accurate
• carbonic anhydrase catalyzes -✓✓the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and
water into carbonic acid
• fixed phagocytic macrophages -✓✓remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
• Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages -✓✓narrow capillaries of the spleen
• Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside -✓✓in the bone marrow
• pluripotent stem cells -✓✓continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
• emigration or diapedesis -✓✓The process of leukocytes squeezing through the
capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
• agglutinins -✓✓genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on
the surface of an erythrocyte
• ESV -✓✓volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
• Increase in ESV when -✓✓stroke volume is decreased
• Three cations with important effect on heart function -✓✓K+, Ca2+, and Na+
• Increased blood levels of NA+ -✓✓blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of
contraction
• Excess in K+ -✓✓blocks generation of action potentials
• pharynx -✓✓serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
• larynx -✓✓passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
• paranasal sinuses -✓✓resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
• fauces -✓✓opening from oral cavity into pharynx
• tertiary bronchus -✓✓carries air to a segment of a lung
,• terminal bronchiole -✓✓carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
• pleural membranes -✓✓surround the lungs
• surfactant -✓✓reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
• alveoli -✓✓actual sites of gas exchange
• eupnea -✓✓normal, quiet breathing
• costal breathing -✓✓shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
• compliance -✓✓amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
• inspiratory capacity -✓✓tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600
mL in males
• vital capacity -✓✓tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve
volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
• functional residual capacity -✓✓residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually
about 2400 mL in males
• Henry's law -✓✓states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is
proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
• Bohr effect -✓✓when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases
• Dalton's law -✓✓each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure
• medulla oblongata -✓✓sets basic rhythm of breathing
• pons -✓✓includes the pontine respiratory group
• Blood is -✓✓a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma (liquid) plus formed
elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
• Whole blood -✓✓blood plasma and formed elements
• Blood plasma -✓✓proteins, water, other solutes
• Blood plasma proteins -✓✓albumins (54%), globulins (36%), fibrinogens (7%)
, • Formed elements -✓✓red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
• Blood cell production -✓✓hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow after birth
• Reticulocyte -✓✓from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
• Average lifespan of an erythrocyte -✓✓120 days
• Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells -✓✓equals the rate of RBC destruction by
macrophages
• Emigration or diapedesis is -✓✓the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood
vessels
• WBCs use to destroy pathogens -✓✓lysozyme, defensins, and certain anions
• Neutrophils -✓✓are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection
• Macrophages -✓✓react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
• Pluripotent stem cells are derived from -✓✓mesenchyme
• Megakaryoblasts -✓✓platelet precursor cells, develop into megakaryocytes
• Platelet -✓✓fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of plasma
membrane
• Platelet plug -✓✓can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood vessel is small
enough
• Hemostasis -✓✓sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular spasm, platelet
plug formation, blood clotting
• Blood clot -✓✓gel that contains formed elements of the blood entangled in fibrin
threads
• In blood clotting -✓✓coagulation factors are activated in sequence, resulting in a
cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
• Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting -✓✓fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks into the blood
from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of
prothrombinase
