PORTH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL
REVIEW SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ systemic circulation. Answer: supplies blood to all the body except to
the lungs
⩥ central circulation. Answer: blood in the heart and in the pulmonary
circulation
⩥ peripheral circulation. Answer: blood outside the central circulation
⩥ Laplace Law. Answer: describes the relation between wall tension,
transmural pressure, and radius; states wall tension will become greater
as the radius increases
⩥ Laplace law. Answer: states wall tension increases and the wall thins
and decreases as the wall becomes thickens
⩥ cardiac cycle. Answer: used to describe the rhythmic pumping action
of the heart
⩥ systole. Answer: the period during which the ventricles contract
, ⩥ diastole. Answer: the period which the ventricles relax and fill with
blood
⩥ cardiac output. Answer: the amount of blood pumped by the heart per
minute
⩥ equation for cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
⩥ Frank-Sterling Mechanism. Answer: the greater the volume of blood
in the heart before contraction , the greater the volume of blood ejected
from the heart
⩥ cardiac reserve. Answer: maximum percentage of increase in cardiac
output achieved above normal resting level
⩥ primary hypertension. Answer: refers to the clinical presence of
hypertension without evidence of a specific causative clinical condition
⩥ secondary hypertension. Answer: elevation in blood pressure because
of another disease condition
⩥ Kawasaki disease. Answer: an acute febrile disease of young children
that affects the skin, brain, eyes, joints, liver, lymph nodes, and heart
REVIEW SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ systemic circulation. Answer: supplies blood to all the body except to
the lungs
⩥ central circulation. Answer: blood in the heart and in the pulmonary
circulation
⩥ peripheral circulation. Answer: blood outside the central circulation
⩥ Laplace Law. Answer: describes the relation between wall tension,
transmural pressure, and radius; states wall tension will become greater
as the radius increases
⩥ Laplace law. Answer: states wall tension increases and the wall thins
and decreases as the wall becomes thickens
⩥ cardiac cycle. Answer: used to describe the rhythmic pumping action
of the heart
⩥ systole. Answer: the period during which the ventricles contract
, ⩥ diastole. Answer: the period which the ventricles relax and fill with
blood
⩥ cardiac output. Answer: the amount of blood pumped by the heart per
minute
⩥ equation for cardiac output. Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
⩥ Frank-Sterling Mechanism. Answer: the greater the volume of blood
in the heart before contraction , the greater the volume of blood ejected
from the heart
⩥ cardiac reserve. Answer: maximum percentage of increase in cardiac
output achieved above normal resting level
⩥ primary hypertension. Answer: refers to the clinical presence of
hypertension without evidence of a specific causative clinical condition
⩥ secondary hypertension. Answer: elevation in blood pressure because
of another disease condition
⩥ Kawasaki disease. Answer: an acute febrile disease of young children
that affects the skin, brain, eyes, joints, liver, lymph nodes, and heart
