BSN346 – Concepts of Nursing III Fall
Semester, 2026 Final Examination
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY
GRADED A+|
1. ARDS Ventilator Management
A patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is
receiving mechanical ventilation. Which setting is specifically used
to keep the alveoli open at the end of expiration?
A. Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
B. Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2)
C. Tidal Volume (VT)
D. Inspiratory Rate
✔️ Correct Answer: A. PEEP provides positive pressure at the end
of expiration to prevent alveolar collapse and improve
oxygenation in patients with ARDS.
2. Burn Injury Emergent Phase
The nurse is caring for a patient in the emergent phase of a major
burn injury. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly
expected during this phase?
A. Hypokalemia
, B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Hyperkalemia
✔️ Correct Answer: D. In the emergent phase of burns, cell
destruction releases potassium into the extracellular fluid, leading
to hyperkalemia.
3. Burn Fluid Resuscitation (Parkland Formula)
Using the Parkland Formula, calculate the total fluid volume
needed in the first 24 hours for a 70 kg patient with 40% Total
Body Surface Area (TBSA) burns.
A. 5,600 mL
B. 14,000 mL
C. 2,800 mL
D. 11,200 mL
✔️ Correct Answer: D. Parkland Formula: 4 mL x kg x % TBSA. 4 x
70 x 40 = 11,200 mL.
4. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation
A patient’s ABG results are: pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 24
mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Acidosis
✔️ Correct Answer: A. The pH is low (<7.35) and the PaCO2 is
high (>45), indicating respiratory acidosis.
, 5. Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Which assessment finding is considered the most sensitive
indicator of increasing Intracranial Pressure (ICP)?
A. Change in Level of Consciousness (LOC)
B. Widening pulse pressure
C. Fixed and dilated pupils
D. Projectile vomiting
✔️ Correct Answer: A. A change in LOC is the earliest and most
sensitive sign of neurological deterioration and increased ICP.
6. Pulmonary Embolism (Heparin Therapy)
A patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism is being started
on Heparin. What is the priority laboratory value to monitor?
A. Prothrombin Time (PT)
B. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
C. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
D. Platelet count
✔️ Correct Answer: C. aPTT is the standard lab test used to
monitor the effectiveness and safety of unfractionated heparin
therapy.
7. Rule of Nines (Adult)
In the “Rule of Nines” for an adult, what percentage is assigned to
the entire right leg (front and back)?
A. 9%
B. 18%
C. 4.5%
D. 1%
Semester, 2026 Final Examination
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY
GRADED A+|
1. ARDS Ventilator Management
A patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is
receiving mechanical ventilation. Which setting is specifically used
to keep the alveoli open at the end of expiration?
A. Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
B. Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2)
C. Tidal Volume (VT)
D. Inspiratory Rate
✔️ Correct Answer: A. PEEP provides positive pressure at the end
of expiration to prevent alveolar collapse and improve
oxygenation in patients with ARDS.
2. Burn Injury Emergent Phase
The nurse is caring for a patient in the emergent phase of a major
burn injury. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly
expected during this phase?
A. Hypokalemia
, B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Hyperkalemia
✔️ Correct Answer: D. In the emergent phase of burns, cell
destruction releases potassium into the extracellular fluid, leading
to hyperkalemia.
3. Burn Fluid Resuscitation (Parkland Formula)
Using the Parkland Formula, calculate the total fluid volume
needed in the first 24 hours for a 70 kg patient with 40% Total
Body Surface Area (TBSA) burns.
A. 5,600 mL
B. 14,000 mL
C. 2,800 mL
D. 11,200 mL
✔️ Correct Answer: D. Parkland Formula: 4 mL x kg x % TBSA. 4 x
70 x 40 = 11,200 mL.
4. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation
A patient’s ABG results are: pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3 24
mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Respiratory Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Metabolic Acidosis
✔️ Correct Answer: A. The pH is low (<7.35) and the PaCO2 is
high (>45), indicating respiratory acidosis.
, 5. Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Which assessment finding is considered the most sensitive
indicator of increasing Intracranial Pressure (ICP)?
A. Change in Level of Consciousness (LOC)
B. Widening pulse pressure
C. Fixed and dilated pupils
D. Projectile vomiting
✔️ Correct Answer: A. A change in LOC is the earliest and most
sensitive sign of neurological deterioration and increased ICP.
6. Pulmonary Embolism (Heparin Therapy)
A patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism is being started
on Heparin. What is the priority laboratory value to monitor?
A. Prothrombin Time (PT)
B. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
C. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
D. Platelet count
✔️ Correct Answer: C. aPTT is the standard lab test used to
monitor the effectiveness and safety of unfractionated heparin
therapy.
7. Rule of Nines (Adult)
In the “Rule of Nines” for an adult, what percentage is assigned to
the entire right leg (front and back)?
A. 9%
B. 18%
C. 4.5%
D. 1%
