CS6250 Computer Networks Exam 1 Updated
Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
Well Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam
2026-2027)Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS
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What are sockets? - ANSWERS-- A network socket is a software structure within a
network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and
receiving data across the network.
- The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming
interface (API) for the networking architecture.
- Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in
the node.
- ."A process sends messages into, and receives messages from, the network through a
software interface called a socket.
- Let's consider an analogy to help us understand processes and sockets. A process is
analogous to a house and its socket is analogous to its door....a socket is the interface
between the application layer and the transport layer within a host." - Kurose and Ross,
2.1
Describe each layer of the OSI model. - ANSWERS-- Application layer: Service,
Interface, Protocol.
- Presentation layer: Plays intermediate role of formatting the information received from
the layer below and delivering it to the application layer.
- Session layer: Responsible for the mechanism that manages the different transport
streams that belong to the same session between end-user and application process.
,- Transport layer: Responsible for the end-to-end communication between end hosts.
Network layer: This layer is responsible for moving the packet of information, called a
datagram, from one host to another.
- Data Link layer: Responsible for moving the frames from one node (host or router) to
the next node.
- Physical layer: This layer is the actual hardware responsible to transfer bits within a
frame between two nodes c
OSI Model Application Layer - ANSWERS-- Service, Interface, Protocol.
Ex: Turn on your smartphone and look at the list of apps. (HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS)
OSI Model Presentation Layer - ANSWERS-- Plays intermediate role of formatting the
information received from the layer below and delivering it to the application layer.
Ex: converting big endian to little endian.
OSI Model Session Layer - ANSWERS-- Responsible for the mechanism that manages
the different transport streams that belong to the same session between end-user and
application process.
Ex: teleconference app, it is responsible for tying together audio and video streaming.
OSI Model Network Layer - ANSWERS-- This layer is responsible for moving the packet
of information, called a datagram, from one host to another.
- Responsible for delivering the datagram to the Transport layer on the destination host.
,- In this layer there are the IP Protocol and the routing tables.
OSI Model Transport Layer - ANSWERS-- Responsible for the end-to-end
communication between end hosts.
- 2 protocols, TCP and UDP.
- TCP includes a connection-oriented service to the applications that are running on the
layer above, guaranteed delivery of the application-layer messages, flow control, and
congestion control mechanism.
- UDP provides a connectionless, best-effort service to the applications that are running
in the layer above without reliability, flow, or congestion control.
- In this layer the packet is called a segment.
OSI Model Data Link Layer - ANSWERS-- Packets are referred to as frames.
- Examples include:
- ethernet,
- ppp,
- wifi.
- Responsible for moving the frames from one node (host or router) to the next node.
- Services offered by the ___________ layer protocol include reliable delivery
(transmission of the data from one transmitting node, across one link, to the receiving
node.
OSI Model Physical Layer - ANSWERS-This layer is the actual hardware responsible to
transfer bits within a frame between two nodes c
, What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture? - ANSWERS-Each
protocol layer offers different services.
Layered Architecture - ANSWERS-Each protocol layer offers different services.
Layered Architecture Advantages - ANSWERS-- Scalability,
- Flexibility
- Ease of adding / removing components making it easier for cost-effective
implementations.
Layered Architecture Disadvantages - ANSWERS-- Some layers functionality depends
on the information from the other layer and violates the goal of layer separation;
- One layer may duplicate lower layer functionalities
- Overhead both in computation
- Overhead in message headers caused by abstraction barriers between layers.
OSI and Five-Layered Internet model Similarities - ANSWERS-Many of the layers are
the same
OSI and Five-Layered Internet model Differences - ANSWERS-- Three of the layers are
combined in the 5-layered model.
- Specifically the five-layer model combines the
- Application
- Presentation
- Session layers
from the OSI model into a single Application layer.
Provide examples of popular protocols at each layer of the five-layered Internet model. -
ANSWERS-Application: NFS, DNS, SNMP, ftp, rcp, telnet, HTTP
Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
Well Analyzed Exam Questions (Actual Exam
2026-2027)Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS
(100% Accurate Solutions) ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST VERSION Of The Exam Guarantee
Pass!!
What are sockets? - ANSWERS-- A network socket is a software structure within a
network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and
receiving data across the network.
- The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming
interface (API) for the networking architecture.
- Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in
the node.
- ."A process sends messages into, and receives messages from, the network through a
software interface called a socket.
- Let's consider an analogy to help us understand processes and sockets. A process is
analogous to a house and its socket is analogous to its door....a socket is the interface
between the application layer and the transport layer within a host." - Kurose and Ross,
2.1
Describe each layer of the OSI model. - ANSWERS-- Application layer: Service,
Interface, Protocol.
- Presentation layer: Plays intermediate role of formatting the information received from
the layer below and delivering it to the application layer.
- Session layer: Responsible for the mechanism that manages the different transport
streams that belong to the same session between end-user and application process.
,- Transport layer: Responsible for the end-to-end communication between end hosts.
Network layer: This layer is responsible for moving the packet of information, called a
datagram, from one host to another.
- Data Link layer: Responsible for moving the frames from one node (host or router) to
the next node.
- Physical layer: This layer is the actual hardware responsible to transfer bits within a
frame between two nodes c
OSI Model Application Layer - ANSWERS-- Service, Interface, Protocol.
Ex: Turn on your smartphone and look at the list of apps. (HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DNS)
OSI Model Presentation Layer - ANSWERS-- Plays intermediate role of formatting the
information received from the layer below and delivering it to the application layer.
Ex: converting big endian to little endian.
OSI Model Session Layer - ANSWERS-- Responsible for the mechanism that manages
the different transport streams that belong to the same session between end-user and
application process.
Ex: teleconference app, it is responsible for tying together audio and video streaming.
OSI Model Network Layer - ANSWERS-- This layer is responsible for moving the packet
of information, called a datagram, from one host to another.
- Responsible for delivering the datagram to the Transport layer on the destination host.
,- In this layer there are the IP Protocol and the routing tables.
OSI Model Transport Layer - ANSWERS-- Responsible for the end-to-end
communication between end hosts.
- 2 protocols, TCP and UDP.
- TCP includes a connection-oriented service to the applications that are running on the
layer above, guaranteed delivery of the application-layer messages, flow control, and
congestion control mechanism.
- UDP provides a connectionless, best-effort service to the applications that are running
in the layer above without reliability, flow, or congestion control.
- In this layer the packet is called a segment.
OSI Model Data Link Layer - ANSWERS-- Packets are referred to as frames.
- Examples include:
- ethernet,
- ppp,
- wifi.
- Responsible for moving the frames from one node (host or router) to the next node.
- Services offered by the ___________ layer protocol include reliable delivery
(transmission of the data from one transmitting node, across one link, to the receiving
node.
OSI Model Physical Layer - ANSWERS-This layer is the actual hardware responsible to
transfer bits within a frame between two nodes c
, What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture? - ANSWERS-Each
protocol layer offers different services.
Layered Architecture - ANSWERS-Each protocol layer offers different services.
Layered Architecture Advantages - ANSWERS-- Scalability,
- Flexibility
- Ease of adding / removing components making it easier for cost-effective
implementations.
Layered Architecture Disadvantages - ANSWERS-- Some layers functionality depends
on the information from the other layer and violates the goal of layer separation;
- One layer may duplicate lower layer functionalities
- Overhead both in computation
- Overhead in message headers caused by abstraction barriers between layers.
OSI and Five-Layered Internet model Similarities - ANSWERS-Many of the layers are
the same
OSI and Five-Layered Internet model Differences - ANSWERS-- Three of the layers are
combined in the 5-layered model.
- Specifically the five-layer model combines the
- Application
- Presentation
- Session layers
from the OSI model into a single Application layer.
Provide examples of popular protocols at each layer of the five-layered Internet model. -
ANSWERS-Application: NFS, DNS, SNMP, ftp, rcp, telnet, HTTP
