Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Final Exam Review
According to international research on self-reported delinquency
around the world: Correct Answers in all countries, the less
parental supervision, more delinquency
All states in the United States have set age 18 as the minimum
age of criminal responsibility. Correct Answers False
Although each German state controls its own police force, the
federal government acts as a liaison and coordinating agent.
Correct Answers True
As one moves toward the justice end on the continuum of
juvenile justice models, we expect to find juvenile justice
systems that consider children and youngsters to be rational
individuals who are responsible for their actions. Correct
Answers True
Bayley's criterion for identifying a police system as either
centralized or decentralized is the stated locus of control.
Correct Answers True
Because trial proceedings under Islamic law are as much a
mediation process as one of adjudication, the parties do not
necessarily need: Correct Answers assistance of counsel
Both common and civil legal traditions seek uniformity of
justice. The civil tradition sees that uniformity as being best
achieved when judges follow the same general principles.
Correct! Correct Answers True
,China is positioned toward the justice end of the continuum of
juvenile justice models because of its emphasis on the
responsibility and accountability aspect of the justice model.
China is not more clearly an example of the justice model
because: Correct Answers of the relative absence in China of
due process for juveniles
Compare prison systems of South Africa, Brazil, and India?
Correct Answers South Africa: most prisons for males (some
coed, some female, some juvenile), 137% capacity, pretrial
detainees held 6 months average
Brazil: 166% capacity, temporary detention holds 25% of prison
pop., sometimes police lockups permanent
India: 126% capacity, old and dilapidated, most prisoners
pretrial detainees
Most problems related to overcrowding
Delinquency is considered a problem in all regions of the world
except Latin America. Correct Answers False
How are criminal courts organized in China? Correct Answers
People's Mediation Committee as informal court system, formal
has four layers (basic people's court, intermediate court, higher
courts, Supreme People's Court)
How are criminal courts organized in England? Correct
Answers All cases begin in local magistrates' courts with 95%
completed there; serious cases moved to Crown Court
How are criminal courts organized in France? Correct Answers
All cases go to court, use several methods to replace use of full
trial since time consuming and burdensome
, How are criminal courts organized in Nigeria? Correct Answers
Federal, state, and traditional courts; each state has High Court
which acts as trial court of general jurisdiction; traditional courts
are customary or Sharia
How are criminal courts organized in Saudi Arabia? Correct
Answers Trial/appellate/last resort courts, criminal cases start at
ordinary court level in Summary or General court, if cases do
not involved death/amputation upon conviction then typically
heard by a single judge, otherwise panel of three
How can prosecution of criminal cases be accomplished
privately? Correct Answers Victim or family initiates action
against suspect (Finland)
How does England adjudicate? Correct Answers Relies heavily
on lay people; jury panels are randomly selected from voter
registration; typically does not involved voir dire process like
US
How does Germany adjudicate? Correct Answers Relies on
both professional judges and lay people (1/2 lower 2/3 upper);
selection process varies by state having jurisdiction over case
How does parole operate in Japan? Correct Answers Initiated
by head of prison on behalf of inmate or by Regional Parole
Board, inmates have no right to parole or right to apply for
parole, supervision of offender is by same probation officers,
rehabilitation coordinators, and VPOs as used for probation
According to international research on self-reported delinquency
around the world: Correct Answers in all countries, the less
parental supervision, more delinquency
All states in the United States have set age 18 as the minimum
age of criminal responsibility. Correct Answers False
Although each German state controls its own police force, the
federal government acts as a liaison and coordinating agent.
Correct Answers True
As one moves toward the justice end on the continuum of
juvenile justice models, we expect to find juvenile justice
systems that consider children and youngsters to be rational
individuals who are responsible for their actions. Correct
Answers True
Bayley's criterion for identifying a police system as either
centralized or decentralized is the stated locus of control.
Correct Answers True
Because trial proceedings under Islamic law are as much a
mediation process as one of adjudication, the parties do not
necessarily need: Correct Answers assistance of counsel
Both common and civil legal traditions seek uniformity of
justice. The civil tradition sees that uniformity as being best
achieved when judges follow the same general principles.
Correct! Correct Answers True
,China is positioned toward the justice end of the continuum of
juvenile justice models because of its emphasis on the
responsibility and accountability aspect of the justice model.
China is not more clearly an example of the justice model
because: Correct Answers of the relative absence in China of
due process for juveniles
Compare prison systems of South Africa, Brazil, and India?
Correct Answers South Africa: most prisons for males (some
coed, some female, some juvenile), 137% capacity, pretrial
detainees held 6 months average
Brazil: 166% capacity, temporary detention holds 25% of prison
pop., sometimes police lockups permanent
India: 126% capacity, old and dilapidated, most prisoners
pretrial detainees
Most problems related to overcrowding
Delinquency is considered a problem in all regions of the world
except Latin America. Correct Answers False
How are criminal courts organized in China? Correct Answers
People's Mediation Committee as informal court system, formal
has four layers (basic people's court, intermediate court, higher
courts, Supreme People's Court)
How are criminal courts organized in England? Correct
Answers All cases begin in local magistrates' courts with 95%
completed there; serious cases moved to Crown Court
How are criminal courts organized in France? Correct Answers
All cases go to court, use several methods to replace use of full
trial since time consuming and burdensome
, How are criminal courts organized in Nigeria? Correct Answers
Federal, state, and traditional courts; each state has High Court
which acts as trial court of general jurisdiction; traditional courts
are customary or Sharia
How are criminal courts organized in Saudi Arabia? Correct
Answers Trial/appellate/last resort courts, criminal cases start at
ordinary court level in Summary or General court, if cases do
not involved death/amputation upon conviction then typically
heard by a single judge, otherwise panel of three
How can prosecution of criminal cases be accomplished
privately? Correct Answers Victim or family initiates action
against suspect (Finland)
How does England adjudicate? Correct Answers Relies heavily
on lay people; jury panels are randomly selected from voter
registration; typically does not involved voir dire process like
US
How does Germany adjudicate? Correct Answers Relies on
both professional judges and lay people (1/2 lower 2/3 upper);
selection process varies by state having jurisdiction over case
How does parole operate in Japan? Correct Answers Initiated
by head of prison on behalf of inmate or by Regional Parole
Board, inmates have no right to parole or right to apply for
parole, supervision of offender is by same probation officers,
rehabilitation coordinators, and VPOs as used for probation
