NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Study
Guide Weeks 5–8 Questions And Answers
[Verified Answers] Plus Rationales Latest
2026/27 | Qs & Ans Instant Pdf Download
1. Which term describes the body’s ability to maintain internal
stability?
A. Ischemia
B. Homeostasis
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
Rationale: Homeostasis is the regulation of a stable internal
environment.
2. Which process is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hair growth
B. Hypoxia
C. Normal aging
D. Digestion
Rationale: Inadequate oxygen supply commonly damages cells.
3. Which condition refers to reduced blood flow to tissue?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Ischemia
, C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Ischemia decreases oxygen and nutrient delivery.
4. Which cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Aplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases cell size, often from
workload demand.
5. Which adaptation is an increase in cell number?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Necrosis
Rationale: Hyperplasia increases the number of cells.
6. Which adaptation is a decrease in cell size?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Neoplasia
,Rationale: Atrophy results from decreased workload, aging, or
poor nutrition.
7. Which adaptation involves replacement of one mature cell
type by another?
A. Necrosis
B. Metaplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Fibrosis only
Rationale: Metaplasia often occurs as a protective response to
chronic irritation.
8. Which cellular change may be considered precancerous?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Hyperemia
Rationale: Dysplasia involves abnormal growth and
maturation.
9. Programmed cell death is called:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Edema
D. Calcification
, Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cell death without major
inflammation.
10. Uncontrolled cell death with inflammation is:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Necrosis
C. Metaplasia
D. Repair
Rationale: Necrosis often triggers inflammation and tissue
damage.
11. Which electrolyte is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium intracellular only
Rationale: Sodium is the primary extracellular positive ion.
12. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Rationale: Potassium is concentrated inside cells.
Guide Weeks 5–8 Questions And Answers
[Verified Answers] Plus Rationales Latest
2026/27 | Qs & Ans Instant Pdf Download
1. Which term describes the body’s ability to maintain internal
stability?
A. Ischemia
B. Homeostasis
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
Rationale: Homeostasis is the regulation of a stable internal
environment.
2. Which process is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hair growth
B. Hypoxia
C. Normal aging
D. Digestion
Rationale: Inadequate oxygen supply commonly damages cells.
3. Which condition refers to reduced blood flow to tissue?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Ischemia
, C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Rationale: Ischemia decreases oxygen and nutrient delivery.
4. Which cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Aplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy increases cell size, often from
workload demand.
5. Which adaptation is an increase in cell number?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Necrosis
Rationale: Hyperplasia increases the number of cells.
6. Which adaptation is a decrease in cell size?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Neoplasia
,Rationale: Atrophy results from decreased workload, aging, or
poor nutrition.
7. Which adaptation involves replacement of one mature cell
type by another?
A. Necrosis
B. Metaplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Fibrosis only
Rationale: Metaplasia often occurs as a protective response to
chronic irritation.
8. Which cellular change may be considered precancerous?
A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Hyperemia
Rationale: Dysplasia involves abnormal growth and
maturation.
9. Programmed cell death is called:
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Edema
D. Calcification
, Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cell death without major
inflammation.
10. Uncontrolled cell death with inflammation is:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Necrosis
C. Metaplasia
D. Repair
Rationale: Necrosis often triggers inflammation and tissue
damage.
11. Which electrolyte is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium intracellular only
Rationale: Sodium is the primary extracellular positive ion.
12. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
Rationale: Potassium is concentrated inside cells.
