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What should an effective surveillance program be able to provide? - ANSWERS-
Detection of infections and injuries, identify trends, identify risk factors associated with
infections and other AEs detect outbreaks and clusters, assess the overall effectiveness
of the infection control and prevention program and demonstrate changes in proactive
and processes that lead to better outcomes
Define point prevalence - ANSWERS-number of persons ill on the date divided by the
population on that date.
Define attack rate - ANSWERS-Number of people at risk in whom a certain illness
develops / (divided by) / Total number of people at risk
Define prevalence - ANSWERS-fraction of a population having a specific disease at a
given time
Define incidence - ANSWERS-number of new cases of a disease divided by the number
of persons at risk for the disease.
Type of specimen for C. diff - ANSWERS-liquid stool is required
When to suspect C. diff infection? - ANSWERS-when 3 or more unformed/watery stool
in 24 hrs occurs
, Relative Risk (RR) - ANSWERS-Used in cohort studies to determine how strongly a risk
factor is associated with an outcome.
1 is the null= no significance of the association between exposure and adverse event
P(X infection or exposed)/P(Y infection or unexposed) = RR
Details of control chart - ANSWERS-central line = the ave of data pts
x axis = time
y axis = rate/count
may be upper control/lower control limit lines and +/- 3 SD lines
Directly observed therapy (DOT) - ANSWERS-requires that a health care provider
directly observe the patient swallowing the pills, whether it is in the hospital, office, or
home care setting
the best method for TB regimen, intermittent therapy, MDRO, high risk for
noncompliance (drug abusers/homeless)
Hill's Criteria of Causality - ANSWERS-1) strength of association- relationship between
casual factor and disease outcome
2) consistency of finding- associations are repeated
3) specificity of association- very specific cause
4) temporality- cause must be before the effect
5) biological gradient- dose and response relationship, more exposure causes higher
risk
6) biologic or theoretical plausibility- has to make biological sense
7) coherence with the established knowledge- established knowledge should not conflict
with findings
True or False: The thoroughness of the cleaning is more important than the duration of
the disinfection - ANSWERS-true
Steps of systemic review and meta-analyisis - ANSWERS-1. Research question