NUR 339 Exam 4: Thyroid & Parathyroid Disorders UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What 3 hormones are excreted by the thyroid gland? 1. Thyroxine (T4)
2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
3. Calcitonin
what are major organs affected by thyroid? heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, liver (every major organ system)
what is needed in order for the thyroid gland to produce iodine
hormones?
what are the functions of T3 and T4? cellular metabolic activity and cell replication
what is the function of TSH? control secretion of T3 and T4 (level of thyroid hormones)
what releases TSH? anterior pituitary
what does euthyroid mean? normal thyroid function
what is the function of thyroid releasing hormone? releases TSH from pituitary if thyroid levels are low to encourage stimulation of T3
and T4
what releases thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)? hypothalamus
what is the function of calcitonin? deposit calcium from blood to the bones (decrease serum Ca+)
what is the primary screening test for thyroid function? serum TSH
what is serum TSH testing used for? primary screening test for thyroid functioning; used to monitor and adjust thyroid
replacement therapy
what is free T4 testing used for? directly measure free/unbound thyroxine; used to monitor treatment for
hyperthyroidism
what is free T3 and T4 testing used for? measure free AND bound thyroxine; T3 provides more accurate indication of
hyperthyroidism severity
what is T3 Resin Uptake testing used for? determine about of hormone bound to protein; indicates amount thyroid
hormone in circulation
what is thyroid antibody testing used for? test for autoimmune thyroid disease
what is thyroglobulin testing used for? measure for persistence of recurrence of thyroid cancer
, what is radioactive iodine uptake testing used for measures rate of iodine uptake by thyroid gland?
hyper = increase uptake
hypo = low uptake
what is a fine needle biopsy used for? sample tissue for biopsy
what is a thyroid scan/radioscan used for? obtain visual imaging or distribution of gamma radioactivity after iodine;
determines size/shape/function of thyroid gland
what do "hot spots" and "cold spots" indicate on a thyroid "Hot spots" = increased function
scan? "Cold spots" = decreased function, cancer
would we expect more or fewer binding sites with fewer
hyperthyroidism?
would we expect more or fewer binding sites with more
hypothyroidism?
what is the most common type of hypothyroidism? primary/thyroidal = disfunction of thyroid gland
what can cause hypothyroidism? - autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto) = most common
- after treatment of hyperthyroidism (radioactive iodine, meds, thyroidectomy)
s/s of hypothyroidism - fatigue, lethargy, weakness
- irritable, slow thought process
- wt gain
- dry skin, hair loss
- ⬇HR, ECG changes
- myxedema (thick skin; severe cases)
- myxedema coma (severe, life threatening)
- goiter (increased size of thyroid gland)
what is goiter? enlargement of the thyroid gland (size increases, but cannot secrete enough
hormone); related to hypothyroidism
what is myxedema coma? severe hypothyroidism develops into CV failure and shock; life threatening
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What 3 hormones are excreted by the thyroid gland? 1. Thyroxine (T4)
2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
3. Calcitonin
what are major organs affected by thyroid? heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, liver (every major organ system)
what is needed in order for the thyroid gland to produce iodine
hormones?
what are the functions of T3 and T4? cellular metabolic activity and cell replication
what is the function of TSH? control secretion of T3 and T4 (level of thyroid hormones)
what releases TSH? anterior pituitary
what does euthyroid mean? normal thyroid function
what is the function of thyroid releasing hormone? releases TSH from pituitary if thyroid levels are low to encourage stimulation of T3
and T4
what releases thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)? hypothalamus
what is the function of calcitonin? deposit calcium from blood to the bones (decrease serum Ca+)
what is the primary screening test for thyroid function? serum TSH
what is serum TSH testing used for? primary screening test for thyroid functioning; used to monitor and adjust thyroid
replacement therapy
what is free T4 testing used for? directly measure free/unbound thyroxine; used to monitor treatment for
hyperthyroidism
what is free T3 and T4 testing used for? measure free AND bound thyroxine; T3 provides more accurate indication of
hyperthyroidism severity
what is T3 Resin Uptake testing used for? determine about of hormone bound to protein; indicates amount thyroid
hormone in circulation
what is thyroid antibody testing used for? test for autoimmune thyroid disease
what is thyroglobulin testing used for? measure for persistence of recurrence of thyroid cancer
, what is radioactive iodine uptake testing used for measures rate of iodine uptake by thyroid gland?
hyper = increase uptake
hypo = low uptake
what is a fine needle biopsy used for? sample tissue for biopsy
what is a thyroid scan/radioscan used for? obtain visual imaging or distribution of gamma radioactivity after iodine;
determines size/shape/function of thyroid gland
what do "hot spots" and "cold spots" indicate on a thyroid "Hot spots" = increased function
scan? "Cold spots" = decreased function, cancer
would we expect more or fewer binding sites with fewer
hyperthyroidism?
would we expect more or fewer binding sites with more
hypothyroidism?
what is the most common type of hypothyroidism? primary/thyroidal = disfunction of thyroid gland
what can cause hypothyroidism? - autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto) = most common
- after treatment of hyperthyroidism (radioactive iodine, meds, thyroidectomy)
s/s of hypothyroidism - fatigue, lethargy, weakness
- irritable, slow thought process
- wt gain
- dry skin, hair loss
- ⬇HR, ECG changes
- myxedema (thick skin; severe cases)
- myxedema coma (severe, life threatening)
- goiter (increased size of thyroid gland)
what is goiter? enlargement of the thyroid gland (size increases, but cannot secrete enough
hormone); related to hypothyroidism
what is myxedema coma? severe hypothyroidism develops into CV failure and shock; life threatening
