LESSON 1: CELL STRUCTURES
PARTS FUNCTIONS
Organelles STRUCTURE:
- literally means "little organs"
FUNCTION:
- specialized structures found within the cell
which performs specific functions vital to
cellular life.
Cell Membrane STRUCTURE:
- a thin, double layer of protein and fat
FUNCTION:
- separates the inner contents of the cell with its
environment
- regulates the passage of materials in and out
of the cell.
Cell Wall STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells
made up mostly of cellulose
FUNCTION:
- gives the cell protection. support, and structure
Nucleus STRUCTURE:
- a membrane-bound spherical body discovered
by Robert Brown in 1831
FUNCTION:
- stores the cell's DNA
- controls and regulates cell activities
- controls the synthesis of ribosomes and
proteins
Nucleolus STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) a spherical body found inside the nucleus
FUNCTION:
- produces and assembles ribosomes
Ribosome STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a large complex of protein and RNA
FUNCTION:
- site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a double-membraned, rod-shaped organelle
has its own DNA
FUNCTION:
-produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in
the form of ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a series of interconnected membranous sacs
and tubules
Two types:
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
, - with ribosomes attached to its surface
FUNCTION:
- modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes
- makes phospholipids for cellular membranes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
- no attached ribosomes
FUNCTION:
- production of carbohydrates, lipids and
steroids
- detoxification of drugs and toxins
- storage of calcium ions
Golgi Apparatus (Body) STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a series of flattened, sac- like membranes that
resembles a stack of pancakes
FUNCTION:
- sort, tag, package and distribute lipids and
proteins
Lysosome STRUCTURE:
(AC) - spherical bodies containing digestive enzymes
FUNCTION:
- digests cellular nutrients
breaks down worn-out or damaged organelles
- aids in apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Chloroplast STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a long, disc-shaped organelle containing the
pigment chlorophyll
FUNCTION:
- site of photosynthesis
Vacuole STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a large space within the cell that is enclosed in
a membrane and filled with fluid
FUNCTION:
- maintains water balance
- maintains cell shape stores nutrients and
waste products
Cytoskeleton STRUCTURE:
- a network of protein filaments or fibers
- Types: microfilaments, microtubules and
intermediate filaments
FUNCTION:
- provides shape and structure
- Movement
- involved spindle formation during cell division
ALIAS STRUCTURE
Brain Nucleus
Subway Endoplasmic Reticulum
PARTS FUNCTIONS
Organelles STRUCTURE:
- literally means "little organs"
FUNCTION:
- specialized structures found within the cell
which performs specific functions vital to
cellular life.
Cell Membrane STRUCTURE:
- a thin, double layer of protein and fat
FUNCTION:
- separates the inner contents of the cell with its
environment
- regulates the passage of materials in and out
of the cell.
Cell Wall STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells
made up mostly of cellulose
FUNCTION:
- gives the cell protection. support, and structure
Nucleus STRUCTURE:
- a membrane-bound spherical body discovered
by Robert Brown in 1831
FUNCTION:
- stores the cell's DNA
- controls and regulates cell activities
- controls the synthesis of ribosomes and
proteins
Nucleolus STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) a spherical body found inside the nucleus
FUNCTION:
- produces and assembles ribosomes
Ribosome STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a large complex of protein and RNA
FUNCTION:
- site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a double-membraned, rod-shaped organelle
has its own DNA
FUNCTION:
-produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in
the form of ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a series of interconnected membranous sacs
and tubules
Two types:
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
, - with ribosomes attached to its surface
FUNCTION:
- modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes
- makes phospholipids for cellular membranes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum STRUCTURE:
- no attached ribosomes
FUNCTION:
- production of carbohydrates, lipids and
steroids
- detoxification of drugs and toxins
- storage of calcium ions
Golgi Apparatus (Body) STRUCTURE:
(AC & PC) - a series of flattened, sac- like membranes that
resembles a stack of pancakes
FUNCTION:
- sort, tag, package and distribute lipids and
proteins
Lysosome STRUCTURE:
(AC) - spherical bodies containing digestive enzymes
FUNCTION:
- digests cellular nutrients
breaks down worn-out or damaged organelles
- aids in apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Chloroplast STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a long, disc-shaped organelle containing the
pigment chlorophyll
FUNCTION:
- site of photosynthesis
Vacuole STRUCTURE:
(PC) - a large space within the cell that is enclosed in
a membrane and filled with fluid
FUNCTION:
- maintains water balance
- maintains cell shape stores nutrients and
waste products
Cytoskeleton STRUCTURE:
- a network of protein filaments or fibers
- Types: microfilaments, microtubules and
intermediate filaments
FUNCTION:
- provides shape and structure
- Movement
- involved spindle formation during cell division
ALIAS STRUCTURE
Brain Nucleus
Subway Endoplasmic Reticulum
