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Earth and Life Science – Universe, Solar System, and Earth’s Subsystems – Lecture Summary Notes

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Earth and Life Science Taxonomy of Life
──────────────────── 1. Kingdom
Lessons 2. Phylum
1. Introduction 3. Class
2. Origin of the Universe 4. Order
3. Origin of the Solar System 5. Family
4. Earth’s Subsystem 6. Genus
7. Species
Lesson 1
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH Life science is the study of living
AND LIFE SCIENCE organisms

also known as geoscience, encompasses Biology - study of life
all scientific fields focused on the planet
Earth.
Lesson 2
It involves studying the Earth's physical,
ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
chemical, and biological aspects,
1. Big Bang Theory
including its atmosphere, oceans, land,
2. Steady State Theory
and interior.
3. Oscillating Theory
Earth science also examines the 4. Eternal Inflation Theory
interactions between these components
and their historical development. Cosmologist - studies the origin of
the universe
Hierarchy of Life:
1. Sub-atomic particles 1. BIG BANG THEORY
2. Atoms
3. Molecules Abbe Georges
4. Organelles Edouard Lemaitre
5. Cells
6. Tissues Belgian cosmologist
7. Organs and a Catholic priest
8. Organ System who first formulated the
9. Organisms idea of an expanding
10. Population universe
11. Community
12. Ecosystem
13. Biomes
14. Biosphere

, Stages in the development of 2. STEADY STATE THEORY
the universe.

1st stage
In the beginning, all matter forming
the universe existed in one place in
the form of a “tiny ball’ (singular
atom) with an unimaginably small This theory assumes that the
volume, infinite temperature and universe has been and will
infinite density. always be the same. The idea was
based on the cosmological principle
2nd stage that the universe is uniform in space
At the Big Bang the ‘tiny ball’ and has unchanging time.
exploded violently. This led to a huge
expansion. It is now generally The proponents also believed the new
accepted that the event of big bang matter is created as the universe
took place 13.7 billion years before expands (keeping the density the
the present. The expansion continues same) and that the age of stars will
even to the present day. As it grew, stay the same
some energy was converted into
matter. There was particularly rapid Implies that the universe contains
expansion within fractions of a mixtures of young and old
second after the bang. Thereafter, the galaxies.
expansion has slowed down. Within
the first three minutes from the Big 3. OSCILLATING THEORY
Bang event, the first atom began to Proposed that the universe currently
form. exists between the big bang and the
big crunch, one of the predicted ends
3rd stage of the universe.
Within 300.000 years from the Big
Bang, temperature dropped to 4,500 Also believes that the current
K(4226.85 °c) and gave rise to atomic universe is just one of the many
matter. The universe became series of universe created by a cycle
transparent. of big bangs and big crunches

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