MICROBIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS A
CLINICAL APPROACH 4TH EDITION
COWAN SMITH TEST BANK
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Cilia. Answer: -Very different from flagella
-It is just used for minor motility not near the movement that flagella
produces
⩥ Cytoplasm. Answer: -"Guts" of the cell
- 80% of water makes up the entirety of the cytoplasm as well as some
proteins, carbohydrates lipids, and other things
⩥ Nucleoid. Answer: - no nuclear membrane
- usually single (haploid)
- usually circular
- double stranded DNA
divided by binary fission
⩥ Plasmids. Answer: - extrachromosomal genetic elements (will never
find in the nucleus)
, - carry non-crucial genes
- can be used for transfer of anti-microbial resistance
reduce toxins
⩥ Ribosomes. Answer: - Site of protein synthesis
- 70S in prokaryotes
- 80S in eukarayotes
- main production is protein synthesis
- Eukaryotes: 80S total—Large = 60S Small- 40S, membrane- bound:
attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Prokaryotes: 70S total: Large= 50S small- 30S, in chloroplasts and
mitochondria
⩥ Cell Wall. Answer: -Polymer of a repeating disaccharide in rows
-NAG and NAM
-Rows are linked by polypeptides
-Functions:
1.Shape the cell
2. Protect the cell from osmotic lysis
⩥ Plasma Membrane. Answer: - Phospholipid bilayer (can be destroyed
through alcohol or soap)
- Peripheral proteins
CLINICAL APPROACH 4TH EDITION
COWAN SMITH TEST BANK
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Cilia. Answer: -Very different from flagella
-It is just used for minor motility not near the movement that flagella
produces
⩥ Cytoplasm. Answer: -"Guts" of the cell
- 80% of water makes up the entirety of the cytoplasm as well as some
proteins, carbohydrates lipids, and other things
⩥ Nucleoid. Answer: - no nuclear membrane
- usually single (haploid)
- usually circular
- double stranded DNA
divided by binary fission
⩥ Plasmids. Answer: - extrachromosomal genetic elements (will never
find in the nucleus)
, - carry non-crucial genes
- can be used for transfer of anti-microbial resistance
reduce toxins
⩥ Ribosomes. Answer: - Site of protein synthesis
- 70S in prokaryotes
- 80S in eukarayotes
- main production is protein synthesis
- Eukaryotes: 80S total—Large = 60S Small- 40S, membrane- bound:
attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Prokaryotes: 70S total: Large= 50S small- 30S, in chloroplasts and
mitochondria
⩥ Cell Wall. Answer: -Polymer of a repeating disaccharide in rows
-NAG and NAM
-Rows are linked by polypeptides
-Functions:
1.Shape the cell
2. Protect the cell from osmotic lysis
⩥ Plasma Membrane. Answer: - Phospholipid bilayer (can be destroyed
through alcohol or soap)
- Peripheral proteins
