BIOL 251 PORTAGE (M1) EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Anatomy
-studies the structure of human body
-studies what the structures are made of
-studies where the structures are located
physiology
-studies the functions of the anatomical structures
Principle of Complementarity
-states that the structures shape (anatomy) will determine its function (physiology)
-ex: oxygenated blood always flows towards the tissues and organs that need it
because blood flow flows 1 way in the body due to heart valves preventing back flow.
gross anatomy
-examines large, visible structures
-ex: surface anatomy and systematic anatomy
,microscopic anatomy
-studies the structures of the human body using a microscope
pathological physiology (abnormal physiology)
-examines the impact of disease or injury to organs and organ systems
chemical level
-looks at atoms
-includes: atoms; molecules; macromolecules; and organelles
atoms
-smallest building blocks of matter
-combine to form molecules
molecules
-combine to form macromolecules
,macromolecules
-lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids
-combine to form organelles
organelles
-working structures
-inside each human cell
-ex: Nucleus & Mitochondria of cell
cellular level
-comprised of cells
cells
-smallest units of living organisms
-combine to form the tissue level
tissue level
-All together they makes up the organ structure level
, tissues
-groups of cells that perform a common function
4 basic types of tissue
-epithelial
-muscle
-connective
-nervous
organ level
-different types of tissue
organ
-2 or more tissues working together to perform a function
-ex: liver, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys
organ system level
-group of interacting organs
-ex: cardiovascular system; skeletal system; muscular system
Organismal Level
AND ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Anatomy
-studies the structure of human body
-studies what the structures are made of
-studies where the structures are located
physiology
-studies the functions of the anatomical structures
Principle of Complementarity
-states that the structures shape (anatomy) will determine its function (physiology)
-ex: oxygenated blood always flows towards the tissues and organs that need it
because blood flow flows 1 way in the body due to heart valves preventing back flow.
gross anatomy
-examines large, visible structures
-ex: surface anatomy and systematic anatomy
,microscopic anatomy
-studies the structures of the human body using a microscope
pathological physiology (abnormal physiology)
-examines the impact of disease or injury to organs and organ systems
chemical level
-looks at atoms
-includes: atoms; molecules; macromolecules; and organelles
atoms
-smallest building blocks of matter
-combine to form molecules
molecules
-combine to form macromolecules
,macromolecules
-lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids
-combine to form organelles
organelles
-working structures
-inside each human cell
-ex: Nucleus & Mitochondria of cell
cellular level
-comprised of cells
cells
-smallest units of living organisms
-combine to form the tissue level
tissue level
-All together they makes up the organ structure level
, tissues
-groups of cells that perform a common function
4 basic types of tissue
-epithelial
-muscle
-connective
-nervous
organ level
-different types of tissue
organ
-2 or more tissues working together to perform a function
-ex: liver, brain, lungs, heart, kidneys
organ system level
-group of interacting organs
-ex: cardiovascular system; skeletal system; muscular system
Organismal Level
