CHAPTER 1-4 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ LATEST VERSION
Anatomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of the structure of the body
Physiology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of the function of the body
Chemical level - Correct Answer ✔✔ represents the atoms and molecules that make up
cells (Consists of Atomic level and molecular level)
Cellular level - Correct Answer ✔✔ represents the basic unit of all living things
Tissue level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of cells with similar or common function
Organ level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of tissues with similar or common function
Organ system level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of organs with similar or common
function
Organismic level - Correct Answer ✔✔ the entire body consisting of the various organ
systems.
Integumentary System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls body temperature & protects body
from environmental hazards
Skeletal System - Correct Answer ✔✔ supports body, protects soft body parts, stores
minerals, forms blood cells
Muscular System - Correct Answer ✔✔ movement, support and produces heat
Nervous System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls immediate responses to stimuli
Endocrine System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls long-term responses in body
Cardiovascular System - Correct Answer ✔✔ internal transport of nutrients, wastes,
oxygen, carbon dioxide and cells
,Lymphatic & Immune Systems - Correct Answer ✔✔ defense, immunity and returns lost
fluids to cardiovascular system
Respiratory System - Correct Answer ✔✔ exchange of air and delivery of blood gases
to/from tissues
Digestive System - Correct Answer ✔✔ ingestion, breakdown and absorption of food &
elimination of indigestible wastes
Urinary System - Correct Answer ✔✔ filtration of blood to maintain proper water and
salt balance and to eliminate waste products
Reproductive System - Correct Answer ✔✔ produces sex cells and hormones related to
reproduction
homeostasis - Correct Answer ✔✔ condition in which body's internal environment
remains within certain narrow physiological limits
homeostatic regulation - Correct Answer ✔✔ adjustment of physiological system to
maintain homeostasis
receptor - Correct Answer ✔✔ monitors change in controlled condition (stimulus) and
sends input to control center
control (integration) center - Correct Answer ✔✔ receives input from receptor &
determines appropriate response
effector - Correct Answer ✔✔ cell or organ that receives information (output) from
control center and produces a response (effect)
interactions of a feedback system - Correct Answer ✔✔ stimulus -> receptor -> input
(afferent pathway) -> control center -> output (efferent pathway) -> response
positive feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ the response by the effector to the initial
change is to further exaggerate the change. Example in labor contractions, the
contraction of the uterus forces the baby towards the birth canal, which
places pressure on the cervix; the pressure of the baby against the cervix causes
uterine contraction, etc. - Correct Answer ✔✔ ...
Negative feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ the response by the effector to the initial
change is to counter or reduce that change, thus bringing the system back to its
"normal" state. Example When blood sugar level rises, the pancreas secretes
insulin which causes the cells of the body to take in glucose, thus removing glucose
from the blood and lowering blood sugar level. - Correct Answer ✔✔ ...
,Anatomical position - Correct Answer ✔✔ patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing
anteriorly Cephalic = head
Cranial - Correct Answer ✔✔ upper portion of head surrounding brain
Facial - Correct Answer ✔✔ face
cervical - Correct Answer ✔✔ neck
thoracic - Correct Answer ✔✔ chest
axillary - Correct Answer ✔✔ armpit
acromial - Correct Answer ✔✔ point of shoulder
deltoid - Correct Answer ✔✔ fleshy portion of shoulder
brachial - Correct Answer ✔✔ upper arm
antebrachial - Correct Answer ✔✔ forearm
antecubital - Correct Answer ✔✔ front of elbow
carpal - Correct Answer ✔✔ wrist
manual - Correct Answer ✔✔ hand
digital (phalangeal) - Correct Answer ✔✔ fingers or toes
abdominal - Correct Answer ✔✔ region of trunk between diaphragm and pelvis
dorsal - Correct Answer ✔✔ back
lumbar - Correct Answer ✔✔ lower back
olecranol - Correct Answer ✔✔ back of elbow
pelvic - Correct Answer ✔✔ pelvis
pubic - Correct Answer ✔✔ anterior pelvis
inguinal - Correct Answer ✔✔ junction of trunk and thighs (groin)
gluteal - Correct Answer ✔✔ buttocks
, femoral - Correct Answer ✔✔ thigh
patellar - Correct Answer ✔✔ front of knee
popliteal - Correct Answer ✔✔ back of knee
crural - Correct Answer ✔✔ anterior of lower leg (shin)
sural - Correct Answer ✔✔ posterior of lower leg (calf)
tarsal - Correct Answer ✔✔ ankle
pedal - Correct Answer ✔✔ foot
plantar - Correct Answer ✔✔ bottom of foot
superior ( - Correct Answer ✔✔ cephalic = cranial) = towards the head
inferior ( - Correct Answer ✔✔ caudal) = away from the head
anterior (ventral) - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the front
posterior (dorsal) - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the back
medial - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the midline
lateral - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the midline
proximal - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the point of attachment (limbs)
distal - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the point of attachment (limbs)
superficial - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the surface (i.e., skin)
deep - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the surface
Sagittal - Correct Answer ✔✔ separates the body into right and left parts
Midsaggital - Correct Answer ✔✔ median = separates the body into equal right and left
parts
Parasaggital - Correct Answer ✔✔ separates the body into unequal right and left parts
Frontal - Correct Answer ✔✔ coronal = separates the body into anterior and posterior
parts
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ LATEST VERSION
Anatomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of the structure of the body
Physiology - Correct Answer ✔✔ the study of the function of the body
Chemical level - Correct Answer ✔✔ represents the atoms and molecules that make up
cells (Consists of Atomic level and molecular level)
Cellular level - Correct Answer ✔✔ represents the basic unit of all living things
Tissue level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of cells with similar or common function
Organ level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of tissues with similar or common function
Organ system level - Correct Answer ✔✔ a group of organs with similar or common
function
Organismic level - Correct Answer ✔✔ the entire body consisting of the various organ
systems.
Integumentary System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls body temperature & protects body
from environmental hazards
Skeletal System - Correct Answer ✔✔ supports body, protects soft body parts, stores
minerals, forms blood cells
Muscular System - Correct Answer ✔✔ movement, support and produces heat
Nervous System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls immediate responses to stimuli
Endocrine System - Correct Answer ✔✔ controls long-term responses in body
Cardiovascular System - Correct Answer ✔✔ internal transport of nutrients, wastes,
oxygen, carbon dioxide and cells
,Lymphatic & Immune Systems - Correct Answer ✔✔ defense, immunity and returns lost
fluids to cardiovascular system
Respiratory System - Correct Answer ✔✔ exchange of air and delivery of blood gases
to/from tissues
Digestive System - Correct Answer ✔✔ ingestion, breakdown and absorption of food &
elimination of indigestible wastes
Urinary System - Correct Answer ✔✔ filtration of blood to maintain proper water and
salt balance and to eliminate waste products
Reproductive System - Correct Answer ✔✔ produces sex cells and hormones related to
reproduction
homeostasis - Correct Answer ✔✔ condition in which body's internal environment
remains within certain narrow physiological limits
homeostatic regulation - Correct Answer ✔✔ adjustment of physiological system to
maintain homeostasis
receptor - Correct Answer ✔✔ monitors change in controlled condition (stimulus) and
sends input to control center
control (integration) center - Correct Answer ✔✔ receives input from receptor &
determines appropriate response
effector - Correct Answer ✔✔ cell or organ that receives information (output) from
control center and produces a response (effect)
interactions of a feedback system - Correct Answer ✔✔ stimulus -> receptor -> input
(afferent pathway) -> control center -> output (efferent pathway) -> response
positive feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ the response by the effector to the initial
change is to further exaggerate the change. Example in labor contractions, the
contraction of the uterus forces the baby towards the birth canal, which
places pressure on the cervix; the pressure of the baby against the cervix causes
uterine contraction, etc. - Correct Answer ✔✔ ...
Negative feedback - Correct Answer ✔✔ the response by the effector to the initial
change is to counter or reduce that change, thus bringing the system back to its
"normal" state. Example When blood sugar level rises, the pancreas secretes
insulin which causes the cells of the body to take in glucose, thus removing glucose
from the blood and lowering blood sugar level. - Correct Answer ✔✔ ...
,Anatomical position - Correct Answer ✔✔ patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing
anteriorly Cephalic = head
Cranial - Correct Answer ✔✔ upper portion of head surrounding brain
Facial - Correct Answer ✔✔ face
cervical - Correct Answer ✔✔ neck
thoracic - Correct Answer ✔✔ chest
axillary - Correct Answer ✔✔ armpit
acromial - Correct Answer ✔✔ point of shoulder
deltoid - Correct Answer ✔✔ fleshy portion of shoulder
brachial - Correct Answer ✔✔ upper arm
antebrachial - Correct Answer ✔✔ forearm
antecubital - Correct Answer ✔✔ front of elbow
carpal - Correct Answer ✔✔ wrist
manual - Correct Answer ✔✔ hand
digital (phalangeal) - Correct Answer ✔✔ fingers or toes
abdominal - Correct Answer ✔✔ region of trunk between diaphragm and pelvis
dorsal - Correct Answer ✔✔ back
lumbar - Correct Answer ✔✔ lower back
olecranol - Correct Answer ✔✔ back of elbow
pelvic - Correct Answer ✔✔ pelvis
pubic - Correct Answer ✔✔ anterior pelvis
inguinal - Correct Answer ✔✔ junction of trunk and thighs (groin)
gluteal - Correct Answer ✔✔ buttocks
, femoral - Correct Answer ✔✔ thigh
patellar - Correct Answer ✔✔ front of knee
popliteal - Correct Answer ✔✔ back of knee
crural - Correct Answer ✔✔ anterior of lower leg (shin)
sural - Correct Answer ✔✔ posterior of lower leg (calf)
tarsal - Correct Answer ✔✔ ankle
pedal - Correct Answer ✔✔ foot
plantar - Correct Answer ✔✔ bottom of foot
superior ( - Correct Answer ✔✔ cephalic = cranial) = towards the head
inferior ( - Correct Answer ✔✔ caudal) = away from the head
anterior (ventral) - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the front
posterior (dorsal) - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the back
medial - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the midline
lateral - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the midline
proximal - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the point of attachment (limbs)
distal - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the point of attachment (limbs)
superficial - Correct Answer ✔✔ towards the surface (i.e., skin)
deep - Correct Answer ✔✔ away from the surface
Sagittal - Correct Answer ✔✔ separates the body into right and left parts
Midsaggital - Correct Answer ✔✔ median = separates the body into equal right and left
parts
Parasaggital - Correct Answer ✔✔ separates the body into unequal right and left parts
Frontal - Correct Answer ✔✔ coronal = separates the body into anterior and posterior
parts
