: Physics Essentials: Laws of Motion, Units, and Constants
1. Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law (Law of Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Second Law (Law of Force): The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration (F = ma).
Third Law (Action & Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
2. SI Fundamental Units
Length: Meter (m)
Mass: Kilogram (kg)
Time: Second (s)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Electric Current: Ampere (A)
Luminous Intensity: Candela (cd)
Amount of Substance: Mole (mol)
3. Important Physics Formulas
Work Done: W = F \cdot d \cos(\theta)
Kinetic Energy: K.E = 1/2 mv^2
Potential Energy: P.E = mgh
Power: P = Work / Time
Pressure: P = Force / Area
4. Universal Physical Constants
Speed of Light (c): 3 \times 10^8 \, m/s
Acceleration due to Gravity (g): 9.8 \, m/s^2
Gravitational Constant (G): 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \, Nm^2/kg^2
Planck’s Constant (h): 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, Js
1. Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law (Law of Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Second Law (Law of Force): The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration (F = ma).
Third Law (Action & Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
2. SI Fundamental Units
Length: Meter (m)
Mass: Kilogram (kg)
Time: Second (s)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Electric Current: Ampere (A)
Luminous Intensity: Candela (cd)
Amount of Substance: Mole (mol)
3. Important Physics Formulas
Work Done: W = F \cdot d \cos(\theta)
Kinetic Energy: K.E = 1/2 mv^2
Potential Energy: P.E = mgh
Power: P = Work / Time
Pressure: P = Force / Area
4. Universal Physical Constants
Speed of Light (c): 3 \times 10^8 \, m/s
Acceleration due to Gravity (g): 9.8 \, m/s^2
Gravitational Constant (G): 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \, Nm^2/kg^2
Planck’s Constant (h): 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, Js
