ALL HESI
FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM SPRING
SERIES QUIZBANK
,Hesi Fundamentals 2022 exam. Correctly answered.
An elderly patient with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the patient's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the patient laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the patient when moving into a desired position.
RATIONALE- To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the patient should be lifted
gently across a surface (D). Reddened areas should not be massaged (A) since this may
increase the damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms,
active range of motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C)
is contraindicated for a patient with a fractured left hip.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
The nurse is administering medications through a nasogastric tube (NGT) which is
connected to suction. After ensuring correct tube placement, what action should the nurse
take next?
A. Clamp the tube for 20 minutes.
B. Flush the tube with water.
C. Administer the medications as prescribed.
D. Crush the tablets and dissolve in sterile water.
RATIONALE- The NGT should be flushed before, after and in between each medication
administered
(B). Once all medications are administered, the NGT should be clamped for 20 minutes (A).
(C and D) may be implemented only after the tubing has been flushed.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
A patient who is in hospice care complains of increasing amounts of pain. The healthcare
provider prescribes an analgesic every four hours as needed. Which action should the
nurse implement?
A. Give an around-the-clock schedule for administration of analgesics.
B. Administer analgesic medication as needed when the pain is severe.
C. Provide medication to keep the patient sedated and unaware of stimuli.
D. Offer a medication-free period so that the patient can do daily activities. RATIONALE-
The most effective management of pain is achieved using an around-the-clock schedule
that provides analgesic medications on a regular basis (A) and in a timely manner.
Analgesics
, are less effective if pain persists until it is severe, so an analgesic medication should be
administered before the patient's pain peaks (B). Providing comfort is a priority for the
patient who is dying, but sedation that impairs the patient's ability to interact and
experience the time before life ends should be minimized (C). Offering a medication-free
period allows the serum drug level to fall, which is not an effective method to manage
chronic pain (D). CORRECT ANSWER: A
When assessing a patient with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the
right hand are blue. What action should the nurse implement first? A. Loosen the right
wrist restraint.
B. Apply a pulse oximeter to the right hand.
C. Compare hand color bilaterally.
D. Palpate the right radial pulse.
RATIONALE- The priority nursing action is to restore circulation by loosening the
restraint (A), because blue fingers (cyanosis) indicates decreased circulation. (C and D)
are also important nursing interventions, but do not have the priority of (A). Pulse
oximetry (B) measures the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and is not indicated in
situations where the cyanosis is related to mechanical compression (the restraints).
CORRECT ANSWER: A
The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of several patients. Which patient has the
greatest nutritional need for additional intake of protein?
A. A college-age track runner with a sprained ankle.
B. A lactating woman nursing her 3-day-old infant.
C. A school-aged child with Type 2 diabetes.
D. An elderly man being treated for a peptic ulcer.
RATIONALE- A lactating woman (B) has the greatest need for additional protein intake. (A,
C, and D) are all conditions that require protein, but do not have the increased metabolic
protein demands of lactation.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
A patient is in the radiology department at 0900 when the prescription levofloxacin
(Levaquin) 500 mg IV q24h is scheduled to be administered. The patient returns to the
unit at 1300. What is the best intervention for the nurse to implement?
A. Contact the healthcare provider and complete a medication variance form.
B. Administer the Levaquin at 1300 and resume the 0900 schedule in the morning.
C. Notify the charge nurse and complete an incident report to explain the missed dose.
D. Give the missed dose at 1300 and change the schedule to administer daily at 1300.
, RATIONALE- To ensure that a therapeutic level of medication is maintained, the nurse
should administer the missed dose as soon as possible, and revise the administration
schedule accordingly to prevent dangerously increasing the level of the medication in the
bloodstream (D). The nurse should document the reason for the late dose, but (A and C) are
not warranted. (B) could result in increased blood levels of the drug.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
While instructing a male patient's wife in the performance of passive range-of-motion
exercises to his contracted shoulder, the nurse observes that she is holding his arm above
and below the elbow. What nursing action should the nurse implement? A. Acknowledge
that she is supporting the arm correctly.
B. Encourage her to keep the joint covered to maintain warmth.
C. Reinforce the need to grip directly under the joint for better support.
D. Instruct her to grip directly over the joint for better motion.
RATIONALE- The wife is performing the passive ROM correctly, therefore the nurse should
acknowledge this fact (A). The joint that is being exercised should be uncovered (B) while
the rest of the body should remain covered for warmth and privacy. (C and D) do not
provide adequate support to the joint while still allowing for joint movement. CORRECT
ANSWER: A
What is the most important reason for starting intravenous infusions in the upper
extremities rather than the lower extremities of adults?
A. It is more difficult to find a superficial vein in the feet and ankles.
B. A decreased flow rate could result in the formation of a thrombosis.
C. A cannulated extremity is more difficult to move when the leg or foot is used.
D. Veins are located deep in the feet and ankles, resulting in a more painful procedure.
RATIONALE-Venous return is usually better in the upper extremities. Cannulation of the
veins in the lower extremities increases the risk of thrombus formation (B) which, if
dislodged, could be life-threatening. Superficial veins are often very easy (A) to find in
the feet and legs. Handling a leg or foot with an IV (C) is probably not any more difficult
than handling an arm or hand. Even if the nurse did believe moving a cannulated leg
was more difficult, this is not the most important reason for using the upper
extremities. Pain (D) is not a consideration.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) taking a patient's blood
pressure with a cuff that is too small, but the blood pressure reading obtained is within the
patient's usual range. What action is most important for the nurse to implement? A. Tell
the UAP to use a larger cuff at the next scheduled assessment.
B. Reassess the patient's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
FUNDAMENTALS
EXAM SPRING
SERIES QUIZBANK
,Hesi Fundamentals 2022 exam. Correctly answered.
An elderly patient with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the patient's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the patient laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the patient when moving into a desired position.
RATIONALE- To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the patient should be lifted
gently across a surface (D). Reddened areas should not be massaged (A) since this may
increase the damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms,
active range of motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C)
is contraindicated for a patient with a fractured left hip.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
The nurse is administering medications through a nasogastric tube (NGT) which is
connected to suction. After ensuring correct tube placement, what action should the nurse
take next?
A. Clamp the tube for 20 minutes.
B. Flush the tube with water.
C. Administer the medications as prescribed.
D. Crush the tablets and dissolve in sterile water.
RATIONALE- The NGT should be flushed before, after and in between each medication
administered
(B). Once all medications are administered, the NGT should be clamped for 20 minutes (A).
(C and D) may be implemented only after the tubing has been flushed.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
A patient who is in hospice care complains of increasing amounts of pain. The healthcare
provider prescribes an analgesic every four hours as needed. Which action should the
nurse implement?
A. Give an around-the-clock schedule for administration of analgesics.
B. Administer analgesic medication as needed when the pain is severe.
C. Provide medication to keep the patient sedated and unaware of stimuli.
D. Offer a medication-free period so that the patient can do daily activities. RATIONALE-
The most effective management of pain is achieved using an around-the-clock schedule
that provides analgesic medications on a regular basis (A) and in a timely manner.
Analgesics
, are less effective if pain persists until it is severe, so an analgesic medication should be
administered before the patient's pain peaks (B). Providing comfort is a priority for the
patient who is dying, but sedation that impairs the patient's ability to interact and
experience the time before life ends should be minimized (C). Offering a medication-free
period allows the serum drug level to fall, which is not an effective method to manage
chronic pain (D). CORRECT ANSWER: A
When assessing a patient with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the
right hand are blue. What action should the nurse implement first? A. Loosen the right
wrist restraint.
B. Apply a pulse oximeter to the right hand.
C. Compare hand color bilaterally.
D. Palpate the right radial pulse.
RATIONALE- The priority nursing action is to restore circulation by loosening the
restraint (A), because blue fingers (cyanosis) indicates decreased circulation. (C and D)
are also important nursing interventions, but do not have the priority of (A). Pulse
oximetry (B) measures the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and is not indicated in
situations where the cyanosis is related to mechanical compression (the restraints).
CORRECT ANSWER: A
The nurse is assessing the nutritional status of several patients. Which patient has the
greatest nutritional need for additional intake of protein?
A. A college-age track runner with a sprained ankle.
B. A lactating woman nursing her 3-day-old infant.
C. A school-aged child with Type 2 diabetes.
D. An elderly man being treated for a peptic ulcer.
RATIONALE- A lactating woman (B) has the greatest need for additional protein intake. (A,
C, and D) are all conditions that require protein, but do not have the increased metabolic
protein demands of lactation.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
A patient is in the radiology department at 0900 when the prescription levofloxacin
(Levaquin) 500 mg IV q24h is scheduled to be administered. The patient returns to the
unit at 1300. What is the best intervention for the nurse to implement?
A. Contact the healthcare provider and complete a medication variance form.
B. Administer the Levaquin at 1300 and resume the 0900 schedule in the morning.
C. Notify the charge nurse and complete an incident report to explain the missed dose.
D. Give the missed dose at 1300 and change the schedule to administer daily at 1300.
, RATIONALE- To ensure that a therapeutic level of medication is maintained, the nurse
should administer the missed dose as soon as possible, and revise the administration
schedule accordingly to prevent dangerously increasing the level of the medication in the
bloodstream (D). The nurse should document the reason for the late dose, but (A and C) are
not warranted. (B) could result in increased blood levels of the drug.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
While instructing a male patient's wife in the performance of passive range-of-motion
exercises to his contracted shoulder, the nurse observes that she is holding his arm above
and below the elbow. What nursing action should the nurse implement? A. Acknowledge
that she is supporting the arm correctly.
B. Encourage her to keep the joint covered to maintain warmth.
C. Reinforce the need to grip directly under the joint for better support.
D. Instruct her to grip directly over the joint for better motion.
RATIONALE- The wife is performing the passive ROM correctly, therefore the nurse should
acknowledge this fact (A). The joint that is being exercised should be uncovered (B) while
the rest of the body should remain covered for warmth and privacy. (C and D) do not
provide adequate support to the joint while still allowing for joint movement. CORRECT
ANSWER: A
What is the most important reason for starting intravenous infusions in the upper
extremities rather than the lower extremities of adults?
A. It is more difficult to find a superficial vein in the feet and ankles.
B. A decreased flow rate could result in the formation of a thrombosis.
C. A cannulated extremity is more difficult to move when the leg or foot is used.
D. Veins are located deep in the feet and ankles, resulting in a more painful procedure.
RATIONALE-Venous return is usually better in the upper extremities. Cannulation of the
veins in the lower extremities increases the risk of thrombus formation (B) which, if
dislodged, could be life-threatening. Superficial veins are often very easy (A) to find in
the feet and legs. Handling a leg or foot with an IV (C) is probably not any more difficult
than handling an arm or hand. Even if the nurse did believe moving a cannulated leg
was more difficult, this is not the most important reason for using the upper
extremities. Pain (D) is not a consideration.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) taking a patient's blood
pressure with a cuff that is too small, but the blood pressure reading obtained is within the
patient's usual range. What action is most important for the nurse to implement? A. Tell
the UAP to use a larger cuff at the next scheduled assessment.
B. Reassess the patient's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
