Primary FRCA Pharmacology: Inhalational & Intravenous
Agents Exam | Most Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam
232 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
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Explore pharmacology of induction agents and volatile anaesthetics,
including mechanisms, uses, and adverse effects. (232 cards)
1
Q
How does letting vapor out of a vaporizer affect its temperature?
ANSWERS
Releasing vapor shifts equilibrium, increasing initial vaporization rate
but lowering temperature, reducing saturated vapor pressure, and
ultimately decreasing vaporization rate.
2
Q
What is the boiling point of desflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 23
SVP at 20 degrees: 89 kPa
3
Q
What is the boiling point of sevoflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
, Boiling point: 59
SVP at 20 degrees: 21 kPa
4
Q
What is the boiling point of isoflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 49
SVP at 20 degrees: 32 kPa
5
Q
What is the boiling point of halothane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 50
SVP at 20 degrees: 33 kPa
6
Q
What is the boiling point of enflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 57
SVP at 20 degrees: 23.3 kPa
7
Q
What is the boiling point of nitrous oxide and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: -88
, SVP at 20 degrees: 5200 kPa
8
Q
Why does desflurane require a special vaporiser?
ANSWERS
At room temperature, it exists mainly as vapor. Tec 6 heats desflurane
to 39°C and maintains it under 2 atm pressure, injecting it directly into
fresh gas flow. Using a standard vaporiser needs high fresh gas flow,
causing cooling and inconsistent vaporisation.
9
Q
How do alveolar ventilation, FRC, and cardiac output affect the onset
speed of a volatile anaesthetic?
ANSWERS
High alveolar ventilation: faster onset due to rapid increase in
alveolar partial pressure.
High FRC: slower onset due to dilution of the agent.
High cardiac output: slower onset as it removes the agent from
the alveoli quickly, preventing buildup of partial pressure.
10
Q
What are the blood: gas partition coefficients at 37°C
for desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and nitrous oxide?
ANSWERS
Halothane: 2.3
Isoflurane: 1.4
Sevoflurane: 0.65
, Nitrous Oxide: 0.47
Desflurane: 0.45
These coefficients indicate the solubility of anesthetic gases in blood
compared to alveolar gas.
11
Q
What is the relationship between blood: gas partition coefficients and
the speed of onset of volatile anaesthetics?
ANSWERS
A lower blood: gas partition coefficient results in a faster onset of
action, as the anesthetic achieves higher alveolar partial pressures
more readily.
This relationship is crucial for understanding the pharmacokinetics of
inhalational anesthetics.
12
Q
Define:
MAC
ANSWERS
The minimum alveolar concentration of an anaesthetic agent that
prevents movement in response to a standard skin incision in
standard conditions in 50% of subjects when breathing 100% oxygen
in the absence of other analgesic or anaesthetic agents.
Inversely related to potency (smaller MAC means more potent)
13
Q
What is thought to be the mechanism of action of volatile
anaesthetics?
Agents Exam | Most Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam
232 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ |Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just
Released!!
Explore pharmacology of induction agents and volatile anaesthetics,
including mechanisms, uses, and adverse effects. (232 cards)
1
Q
How does letting vapor out of a vaporizer affect its temperature?
ANSWERS
Releasing vapor shifts equilibrium, increasing initial vaporization rate
but lowering temperature, reducing saturated vapor pressure, and
ultimately decreasing vaporization rate.
2
Q
What is the boiling point of desflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 23
SVP at 20 degrees: 89 kPa
3
Q
What is the boiling point of sevoflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
, Boiling point: 59
SVP at 20 degrees: 21 kPa
4
Q
What is the boiling point of isoflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 49
SVP at 20 degrees: 32 kPa
5
Q
What is the boiling point of halothane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 50
SVP at 20 degrees: 33 kPa
6
Q
What is the boiling point of enflurane and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: 57
SVP at 20 degrees: 23.3 kPa
7
Q
What is the boiling point of nitrous oxide and its SVP at 20 degrees?
ANSWERS
Boiling point: -88
, SVP at 20 degrees: 5200 kPa
8
Q
Why does desflurane require a special vaporiser?
ANSWERS
At room temperature, it exists mainly as vapor. Tec 6 heats desflurane
to 39°C and maintains it under 2 atm pressure, injecting it directly into
fresh gas flow. Using a standard vaporiser needs high fresh gas flow,
causing cooling and inconsistent vaporisation.
9
Q
How do alveolar ventilation, FRC, and cardiac output affect the onset
speed of a volatile anaesthetic?
ANSWERS
High alveolar ventilation: faster onset due to rapid increase in
alveolar partial pressure.
High FRC: slower onset due to dilution of the agent.
High cardiac output: slower onset as it removes the agent from
the alveoli quickly, preventing buildup of partial pressure.
10
Q
What are the blood: gas partition coefficients at 37°C
for desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and nitrous oxide?
ANSWERS
Halothane: 2.3
Isoflurane: 1.4
Sevoflurane: 0.65
, Nitrous Oxide: 0.47
Desflurane: 0.45
These coefficients indicate the solubility of anesthetic gases in blood
compared to alveolar gas.
11
Q
What is the relationship between blood: gas partition coefficients and
the speed of onset of volatile anaesthetics?
ANSWERS
A lower blood: gas partition coefficient results in a faster onset of
action, as the anesthetic achieves higher alveolar partial pressures
more readily.
This relationship is crucial for understanding the pharmacokinetics of
inhalational anesthetics.
12
Q
Define:
MAC
ANSWERS
The minimum alveolar concentration of an anaesthetic agent that
prevents movement in response to a standard skin incision in
standard conditions in 50% of subjects when breathing 100% oxygen
in the absence of other analgesic or anaesthetic agents.
Inversely related to potency (smaller MAC means more potent)
13
Q
What is thought to be the mechanism of action of volatile
anaesthetics?
