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Understand study design, probability, hypothesis testing, and statistical
methods for interpreting clinical evidence. (36 cards)
1
Q
What is the estimated incidence of accidental awareness in general
anaesthesia according to NAP5?
ANSWERS:
1 in 20,000
2
Q
What is a Chi-squared test?
ANSWERS:
Non-parametric statistical hypothesis test that compares the frequency
of observed results against the expected frequency if there were no
difference between groups.
It is primarily used when examining categorical variables, and whether
the difference between observed and expected frequencies are due to
chance.
3
, Q
What type of data is a student T-test used for?
ANSWERS:
It is a parametric test which may be used on continuous, quantitative
data.
4
Q
State the main rules for logarithms.
ANSWERS:
Multiplication becomes addition: log(xy) = log(x) + log(y).
Division becomes subtraction: log(x/y) = log(x) – log(y).
The reciprocal becomes negative: log(1/x) = -log(x).
Power becomes multiplication: log(x^n) = n · log(x).
Any log of its own base is one: log10(10) = 1.
Any log of one is zero: log10(1) = 0.
NOTE: A logarithm is defined as the power (x) to which a base must be
raised in order to produce a given number.
5
Q
Which statistical tests are used for parametric data?
ANSWERS:
2 groups, paired: Student’s paired t-test.
2 groups, unpaired: Student’s unpaired t-test.