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2026/2027 Exam Study Guide
• T/F: Hydrogen is called the superglue of the chemical world. -✓✓false
• T/F: The time it takes for a compound to flow through a metabolic pathway is called
the flux. -✓✓true
• T/F: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats all get broken down into NADH and FADH2 in
energy production. -✓✓true
• T/F: A fat is a lipid molecules that is a liquid at room temperature. -✓✓false
• In RNA, guanine always pairs with: -✓✓cytosine
• In RNA, adenine always pairs with: -✓✓uracil
• In DNA, adenine always pairs with: -✓✓thymine
• Water is considered a polar solvent due to attractive forces known as hydrogen bonds.
A hydrogen bond is: -✓✓an attractive force between molecules where partially positive
hydrogen atoms are attracted to partially negative atoms of F, O, or N
• What is a London force? -✓✓a temporary attraction between atoms due to electron
alignment
• What is a dipole-dipole force? -✓✓an attraction between the positive end of one polar
molecule and the negative end of another
• What attributes contribute to water's unusual properties? -✓✓1. geometry of the
molecule
2. polarity of the -OH bonds
3. ability of water molecules to hydrogen bond
4. body angle of water molecules to H bond
• The H+ concentration of a solution is 7.9 x 10^-13 M. What is the pH? -✓✓12.1
pH = -log(7.9 x 10^-13)
• What represents the free-energy change of a reaction? -✓✓ΔG = Gibbs free energy