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Health Promotion, Disease Prevention & Lifespan
Considerations
(15 Questions)
Q1: A 52-year-old woman presents for her annual wellness visit. She is current on all
routine care. According to the USPSTF, which screening test should be offered at this
visit?
A. Annual mammography starting now
B. Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer
C. Colorectal cancer screening (any approved modality) [CORRECT]
D. Bone density scan (DEXA)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best answer is C. The USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer
screening for adults ages 45–75 using any of several modalities (FIT, colonoscopy, CT
colonography, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or stool DNA). Mammography is
recommended biennially starting at age 50 (or 40 per updated guidelines), but she
may already be getting this; low-dose CT is for adults 50–80 with a 20 pack-year
smoking history; and DEXA is recommended for women 65 and older, or younger
women with risk factors.
Q2: A 16-year-old adolescent presents for a sports physical. According to the
CDC/ACIP immunization schedule, which vaccine should be administered if not
previously given?
,A. MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) booster
B. Meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY) booster at age 16 [CORRECT]
C. Rotavirus vaccine series
D. Hepatitis B primary series
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B. The CDC recommends a booster dose of
meningococcal conjugate vaccine at age 16, following the initial dose at age 11–12.
MMR requires only two doses in childhood; rotavirus is an infant vaccine not given
after 8 months; and hepatitis B series is completed in infancy or early childhood.
Q3: A 68-year-old man with a 40 pack-year smoking history quit smoking two years
ago. According to USPSTF guidelines, lung cancer screening with low-dose CT is:
A. Not indicated because he quit more than 15 years ago
B. Recommended annually because he meets criteria (age 50–80, 20+ pack-years,
quit within 15 years) [CORRECT]
C. Recommended only if he has symptoms of lung cancer
D. Not indicated because he is over age 65
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B. The USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT for
adults ages 50–80 with a 20 pack-year smoking history who currently smoke or quit
within the past 15 years. This patient quit two years ago, so he remains eligible.
Screening is for asymptomatic individuals; age 65 is within the range; and 15 years
since quitting is the cutoff, not a reason to exclude.
Q4: A 24-year-old woman presents for her first pelvic exam and asks about cervical
cancer screening. According to current USPSTF and ASCCP guidelines, the
appropriate recommendation is:
,A. Begin Pap smear annually starting at age 21
B. Begin Pap smear at age 21, then every 3 years if normal; or HPV co-testing every 5
years starting at age 30 [CORRECT]
C. Begin HPV testing alone at age 21 every 5 years
D. Cervical cancer screening is not needed until age 30
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B. Cervical cancer screening begins at age 21 with
cytology (Pap) every 3 years if results are normal. At age 30, options include
continuing Pap every 3 years or switching to HPV co-testing (Pap plus HPV) or
primary HPV testing every 5 years. Annual Pap is no longer recommended; HPV
alone at 21 is not standard; and delaying until 30 misses cancers in younger women.
Q5: A 70-year-old woman with no history of osteoporosis fracture and no risk factors
asks about bone density screening. The USPSTF recommends:
A. DEXA scan now because she is over age 65 [CORRECT]
B. DEXA scan only if she has a family history of hip fracture
C. DEXA scan at age 75 regardless of risk factors
D. DEXA scan is not recommended for any woman without a prior fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A. The USPSTF recommends screening for
osteoporosis with DEXA for all women 65 years and older, as well as postmenopausal
women younger than 65 with increased risk. Age 65 is the threshold for routine
screening; family history is a risk factor for earlier screening but not required; and 75
is too late to begin routine screening.
Q6: A 45-year-old man with BMI 32, blood pressure 138/86, and family history of
type 2 diabetes asks about diabetes screening. According to the ADA and USPSTF,
the appropriate recommendation is:
, A. Screen with fasting glucose or HbA1c now because he has multiple risk factors
[CORRECT]
B. Screen only if he develops symptoms of diabetes
C. Wait until age 50 to begin screening
D. Screen with oral glucose tolerance test only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best answer is A. The USPSTF recommends screening for prediabetes
and type 2 diabetes in adults ages 35–70 who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥25, or
≥23 in Asian Americans). This patient has BMI 32, elevated BP, and family history—all
risk factors that warrant screening now, regardless of symptoms. Age 50 is too late;
and fasting glucose or HbA1c are both acceptable screening tests.
Q7: A 9-month-old infant presents for a well-child visit. The mother reports the infant
is not yet pulling to stand. According to Denver II developmental milestones, the
nurse practitioner should:
A. Reassure the mother that this is normal; pulling to stand is expected by 12 months
B. Concern is warranted because pulling to stand is expected by 9 months; refer for
early intervention evaluation [CORRECT]
C. Wait until 15 months before evaluating
D. Order an MRI of the brain immediately
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best answer is B. Pulling to stand is a gross motor milestone expected
by approximately 9 months of age. Absence of this skill at 9 months warrants further
evaluation, including a thorough developmental assessment and referral for early
intervention services. Reassuring the mother ignores a potential delay; waiting until
15 months delays critical early intervention; and MRI is premature without further
assessment.