JMU HTH 423 Exam 1 Dr. Coleman Study Set
Universal Ethics - ANSWER What does not exist?
Normative Ethical Theories - ANSWER - Authority Based Theories
- Deontological Theories
- Egoistic Theories
Karl Marx (Capitalism) - ANSWER Authoritative Based ethics can be faith-based
and can be ideological like
- Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, or Buddhist ethics.
Authority Based Ethics - ANSWER Determines the right thing to do on the basis
of what an authority figure has said
- To be effective, the claim must be a norm to everyone
- Is an important part of patient-centered care
- Provides insight into thinking of key players of healthcare provision
St. Thomas Aquinas - ANSWER The Natural Law Theory uses the traditions of
whom?
Natural Law Theory - ANSWER Nature order both rationally and in accordance
with God's wisdom or providence. The right thing to do is in accord with the
providential ordered nature of the world
Ex. Abortions, euthanasia, and social justice
The Double Effect - ANSWER 1. The act must be good or at least morally neutral,
independent of its consequences
2. The agent intends only the good effects not the bad effects
3. The bad effect must not be a means to the good effect
4. The good effect must out weigh the bad effect
The Double Effect Principle - ANSWER Often invoked to explain allowing an
action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of human being, as a side
effect of promoting some good end
The Catholic Church - ANSWER Natural Law Theories are important because of
the influence of ____ and the extent it drew on Aquinas as an early writer in the
field of ethics
Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill - ANSWER Who was responsible for the
teleological theories?
, Teleological Theories - ANSWER Considers the ethics of a decision to be
dependent on the consequences of the action. These theories are called
consequentialism - The basic idea to maximize the good of a situation
- Consequentialism/Utilitarianism
Stuart Mill's Focus - ANSWER The greatest good for the greatest number of
people
Hedonist - ANSWER Bentham was a ____ as such he did not stress who was the
recipient of the pleasure
Rule Consequentialism - ANSWER We should live by "rules" that in general are
likely to lead to the greatest good for the greatest number
Negative Consequentialism - ANSWER The alleviation of suffering is more
important than the maximization of pleasure
Preference Utilitarianism - ANSWER Actions are good if they maximize the
satisfaction of preference or desires, no matter what the preference may be for
Ex. Assisted end of life. Selling cigarettes
Immanuel Kant - ANSWER Deontological theories find their origins in whom?
Duty - ANSWER Deon is from Greek and means what?
Deontological Theories - ANSWER Could be called the science of determining
our duties. Most authors place the originator of this theory in extreme opposition
against consequentialism
- Humans have universal rational duties to one another
- All humans are worthy of respect and dignity
- All moral stem from such duties, regardless of consequences
Would it be OK if everyone took this type of action? - ANSWER Act only by that
maxim, by which you can, at the same time, will that it be a universal law
Other people should not be seen as a means to an ends - ANSWER So act as to
treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of any other in every case
as an end in itself, never as a means only
Henry Sidgwick - ANSWER Egoistic ethics was explained by whom?
Egoistic Theory - ANSWER Argue that what is right is that which maximizes a
person's self interest. Considerable interest in a contemporary society because
of their relationship to capitalism
- It does not matter if self interests collide
- "It is what i want" - the primary flaw/ there is no rebuttal
Universal Ethics - ANSWER What does not exist?
Normative Ethical Theories - ANSWER - Authority Based Theories
- Deontological Theories
- Egoistic Theories
Karl Marx (Capitalism) - ANSWER Authoritative Based ethics can be faith-based
and can be ideological like
- Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, or Buddhist ethics.
Authority Based Ethics - ANSWER Determines the right thing to do on the basis
of what an authority figure has said
- To be effective, the claim must be a norm to everyone
- Is an important part of patient-centered care
- Provides insight into thinking of key players of healthcare provision
St. Thomas Aquinas - ANSWER The Natural Law Theory uses the traditions of
whom?
Natural Law Theory - ANSWER Nature order both rationally and in accordance
with God's wisdom or providence. The right thing to do is in accord with the
providential ordered nature of the world
Ex. Abortions, euthanasia, and social justice
The Double Effect - ANSWER 1. The act must be good or at least morally neutral,
independent of its consequences
2. The agent intends only the good effects not the bad effects
3. The bad effect must not be a means to the good effect
4. The good effect must out weigh the bad effect
The Double Effect Principle - ANSWER Often invoked to explain allowing an
action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of human being, as a side
effect of promoting some good end
The Catholic Church - ANSWER Natural Law Theories are important because of
the influence of ____ and the extent it drew on Aquinas as an early writer in the
field of ethics
Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill - ANSWER Who was responsible for the
teleological theories?
, Teleological Theories - ANSWER Considers the ethics of a decision to be
dependent on the consequences of the action. These theories are called
consequentialism - The basic idea to maximize the good of a situation
- Consequentialism/Utilitarianism
Stuart Mill's Focus - ANSWER The greatest good for the greatest number of
people
Hedonist - ANSWER Bentham was a ____ as such he did not stress who was the
recipient of the pleasure
Rule Consequentialism - ANSWER We should live by "rules" that in general are
likely to lead to the greatest good for the greatest number
Negative Consequentialism - ANSWER The alleviation of suffering is more
important than the maximization of pleasure
Preference Utilitarianism - ANSWER Actions are good if they maximize the
satisfaction of preference or desires, no matter what the preference may be for
Ex. Assisted end of life. Selling cigarettes
Immanuel Kant - ANSWER Deontological theories find their origins in whom?
Duty - ANSWER Deon is from Greek and means what?
Deontological Theories - ANSWER Could be called the science of determining
our duties. Most authors place the originator of this theory in extreme opposition
against consequentialism
- Humans have universal rational duties to one another
- All humans are worthy of respect and dignity
- All moral stem from such duties, regardless of consequences
Would it be OK if everyone took this type of action? - ANSWER Act only by that
maxim, by which you can, at the same time, will that it be a universal law
Other people should not be seen as a means to an ends - ANSWER So act as to
treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of any other in every case
as an end in itself, never as a means only
Henry Sidgwick - ANSWER Egoistic ethics was explained by whom?
Egoistic Theory - ANSWER Argue that what is right is that which maximizes a
person's self interest. Considerable interest in a contemporary society because
of their relationship to capitalism
- It does not matter if self interests collide
- "It is what i want" - the primary flaw/ there is no rebuttal
