EMT FISDAP TRAUMA | Exam Review with
Questions and Answers | Question and Answer |
Grade A+
• What should you do if there is a major hemorrhage in a patient? -✓✓Apply a proximal
tourniquet to stop the bleeding immediately. Then turn to patient's airway and breathing
status (CAB)
• How do you care for a partially amputated extremity? -✓✓Control bleeding with bulky
compression (pressure) dressings and splint extremity to prevent further injury
• Injury to the cervical spine from a hanging occurs through -✓✓distraction, or
stretching, of the vertebrae and spinal cord
• What is a subluxation -✓✓a partial or incomplete dislocation; this is an injury, not an
injury mechanism
• Injuries related to Hyperextension mechanisms -✓✓Patients who strike their head on
the windshield during a mvc
• Axial Loading MOI -✓✓The spinal column is compressed vertically; injuries after diving
head first into shallow water and lumbar spine injuries after a fall from a significant
height and landing feet first
• What does cold, pale skin and an absent distal pulse indicate in a limb? -✓✓Indicates
that blood flow distal to the injury is compromised
• How do you make one attempt to restore distal circulation? -✓✓By applying gentle
manual traction in line with the long axis of the limb
• What can you do to a limb after distal circulation is restored? -✓✓Splint the limb in
whatever position allows the strongest distal pulse, elevate limb above level of the heart
to help minimize swelling, and an icepack may also help reduce pain and swelling
• What is a flail chest? -✓✓Occurs when several ribs are fractured in more than one
place; the result is a free-floating section of ribs (flail segment) that collapses during
inhalation and bulges out during exhalation (paradoxical chest movement)
• What happens as the flail segment (flail chest) collapses? -✓✓The lung is compressed
and ventilation is impaired. Treatment should include PPV and prompt transport.
• 12 Injuries or clinical findings that warrant transport to a high level trauma center: -✓✓-
GCS equal or less than 13 after trauma
, -systolic BP less than 90 mm Hg
-Resp. rate less than 10 or greater than 29 breaths/min
-need for ventilatory support
-all penetrating injuries to the head, neck, torso or extremities proximal to the knee or
elbow
-chest wall instability or deformity (flail chest)
-two or more proximal long bone fractures
-a crushed, degloved, mangled or pulseless extremity
-amputation proximal to the ankle or wrist
-pelvic fractures
-open or depressed skull fracture
-paralysis
• What happens to the skin of the body when the body attempts to compensate for
shock? -✓✓Peripheral vasoconstriction shunts blood away from the skin to the more
vital organs in the body
• What should you do if your patient's condition deteriorates en route to a trauma
center? -✓✓Ex: increased respiratory rate; immediately repeat the primary assessment
and adjust your treatment accordingly. After stabilization, reassess vital signs, including
oxygen sat., and notify the receiving facility
• Primary blast injury -✓✓Direct result of the pressure wave that occurs during an
explosion. Hollow organs are most susceptible and ruptured tympanic membrane is
most common injury
• Secondary blast injury -✓✓When shrapnel and other debris are propelled away from
explosion, resulting in impalement injuries
• Tertiary blast phase -✓✓Blunt traumatic injuries (skull fracture, spinal injury) when the
person is propelled away from the explosion and strikes a solid object
• Hyphema -✓✓blood in the anterior chamber of the eye resulting from blunt trauma.
Obscures a portion of or the entire iris
• Fracture of orbital floor (blowout fracture) symptoms -✓✓Double vision and an inability
to move eyes above the midline (paralysis of upward gaze) following blunt facial trauma
• Mechanism of an orbital blowout fracture -✓✓Fragments of fractured bone can entrap
some of the muscles controlling eye movement
• anisocoria -✓✓Unequal pupils following head trauma indicated increased intracranial
pressure
Questions and Answers | Question and Answer |
Grade A+
• What should you do if there is a major hemorrhage in a patient? -✓✓Apply a proximal
tourniquet to stop the bleeding immediately. Then turn to patient's airway and breathing
status (CAB)
• How do you care for a partially amputated extremity? -✓✓Control bleeding with bulky
compression (pressure) dressings and splint extremity to prevent further injury
• Injury to the cervical spine from a hanging occurs through -✓✓distraction, or
stretching, of the vertebrae and spinal cord
• What is a subluxation -✓✓a partial or incomplete dislocation; this is an injury, not an
injury mechanism
• Injuries related to Hyperextension mechanisms -✓✓Patients who strike their head on
the windshield during a mvc
• Axial Loading MOI -✓✓The spinal column is compressed vertically; injuries after diving
head first into shallow water and lumbar spine injuries after a fall from a significant
height and landing feet first
• What does cold, pale skin and an absent distal pulse indicate in a limb? -✓✓Indicates
that blood flow distal to the injury is compromised
• How do you make one attempt to restore distal circulation? -✓✓By applying gentle
manual traction in line with the long axis of the limb
• What can you do to a limb after distal circulation is restored? -✓✓Splint the limb in
whatever position allows the strongest distal pulse, elevate limb above level of the heart
to help minimize swelling, and an icepack may also help reduce pain and swelling
• What is a flail chest? -✓✓Occurs when several ribs are fractured in more than one
place; the result is a free-floating section of ribs (flail segment) that collapses during
inhalation and bulges out during exhalation (paradoxical chest movement)
• What happens as the flail segment (flail chest) collapses? -✓✓The lung is compressed
and ventilation is impaired. Treatment should include PPV and prompt transport.
• 12 Injuries or clinical findings that warrant transport to a high level trauma center: -✓✓-
GCS equal or less than 13 after trauma
, -systolic BP less than 90 mm Hg
-Resp. rate less than 10 or greater than 29 breaths/min
-need for ventilatory support
-all penetrating injuries to the head, neck, torso or extremities proximal to the knee or
elbow
-chest wall instability or deformity (flail chest)
-two or more proximal long bone fractures
-a crushed, degloved, mangled or pulseless extremity
-amputation proximal to the ankle or wrist
-pelvic fractures
-open or depressed skull fracture
-paralysis
• What happens to the skin of the body when the body attempts to compensate for
shock? -✓✓Peripheral vasoconstriction shunts blood away from the skin to the more
vital organs in the body
• What should you do if your patient's condition deteriorates en route to a trauma
center? -✓✓Ex: increased respiratory rate; immediately repeat the primary assessment
and adjust your treatment accordingly. After stabilization, reassess vital signs, including
oxygen sat., and notify the receiving facility
• Primary blast injury -✓✓Direct result of the pressure wave that occurs during an
explosion. Hollow organs are most susceptible and ruptured tympanic membrane is
most common injury
• Secondary blast injury -✓✓When shrapnel and other debris are propelled away from
explosion, resulting in impalement injuries
• Tertiary blast phase -✓✓Blunt traumatic injuries (skull fracture, spinal injury) when the
person is propelled away from the explosion and strikes a solid object
• Hyphema -✓✓blood in the anterior chamber of the eye resulting from blunt trauma.
Obscures a portion of or the entire iris
• Fracture of orbital floor (blowout fracture) symptoms -✓✓Double vision and an inability
to move eyes above the midline (paralysis of upward gaze) following blunt facial trauma
• Mechanism of an orbital blowout fracture -✓✓Fragments of fractured bone can entrap
some of the muscles controlling eye movement
• anisocoria -✓✓Unequal pupils following head trauma indicated increased intracranial
pressure
