NR 548/ NR548 Exam 1 V2 – Psychiatric Assessment for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner 2026/2027 | Chamberlain | Latest Questions & Verified Answers

NR 548/ NR548 Exam 1 V2 – Psychiatric Assessment for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner 2026/2027 | Chamberlain | Latest Questions & Verified Answers Who developed the first organized training school within a hospital for the insane 1882? A. Effie Jones B. Edward Cowles C. Dorothea Dix D. Loretta Ford B. Edward Cowles Which of the following is not a factor that led to treatment of psychiatric illness shifted away from hospital to community settings? A. Increased funding for psychiatric nursing education and training and led to a growth in university-level nursing education. B. Passage of legislation supporting the construction of community mental health centers. C. Establishment of Medicaid and Medicare. D. The changing of rules that governed involuntary confinement. A. Increased funding for psychiatric nursing education and training and led to a growth in university-level nursing education. PMHNPs can work in residential service setting. Which best describes residential service? A. It provides 24-hour care and housing for an extended period. B. It is a short-term treatment for acutely ill clients at risk for harming self or others or unable to meet basic needs due to impairment. C. It provides intermediate or long-term care for clients at chronic risk to self or others or unable to function without supervision and support due to mental disorders. D. It is a team treatment approach to provide comprehensive, community-based psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation, and support to persons with severe mental illness (SMI). A. It provides 24-hour care and housing for an extended period. PMHNPs can work in a partial hospitalization setting. Which best describes partial hospitalization? A. It provides short-term treatment for acutely ill clients at risk for harming self or others or unable to meet basic needs due to impairment. B. It focuses on psychiatric and substance-related emergencies C. It provides care in non-hospital community settings such as mental health clinics, homes, worksites, shelters, crisis centers, senior centers, group homes, or schools. D. It provides acute symptom management, intensive treatment, and safe housing for clients who do not require 24-hour medical management or nursing care. D. It provides acute symptom management, intensive treatment, and safe housing for clients who do not require 24-hour medical management or nursing care. PMHNPs can work in psychiatric emergency services. Which best describes psychiatric emergency services? A. It provide acute symptom management, intensive treatment, and safe housing for clients who do not require 24-hour medical management. B. It occurs in the inpatient setting providing care for acutely ill clients at risk for harming self or others or unable to meet basic needs due to impairment. C. It focuses on psychiatric and substance-related emergencies. D. It provides comprehensive, community-based psychiatric treatment, rehabilitation, and it provides individualized service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. C. It focuses on psychiatric and substance-related emergencies. "The PMHNP assists other mental health clinicians to evaluate their practice, expand their skills, and meet standards for ongoing peer supervision" describes which of the following PMHNP roles? A. Clinical Supervision B. Case management C. Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Nursing D. Administration, Education, and Research Practice A. Clinical Supervision "PMHNPs provide direct comprehensive mental health services in solo or group private practice settings or through contracts with other entities" describes which of the following PMHNP roles? A. Primary care B. Self-Employment C. Psychotherapy D. Case management B. Self-Employment PMHNPs can in the role of Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Nursing. Which of the following best describes the Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Nursing role? A. Prescribes or recommends pharmacologic agents and may order and interpret diagnostic and lab tests to assess treatment response or monitor for adverse effects. B. Work in collaboration or consultation with a primary care provider or independently provide behavioral health care in an integrated setting. C. Involves the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral, cognitive, developmental, emotional, and spiritual responses of individuals, families, and significant others with co occurring physical illness and/or dysfunction. D. Serves as administrators, educators, and researchers. C. Involves the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral, cognitive, developmental, emotional, and spiritual responses of individuals, families, and significant others with co occurring physical illness and/or dysfunction. Which of the following PMH APRN speciality areas are correctly paired with their definition? A. Integrative Programs- Involves the intersection of psychiatric nursing and the criminal justice system. B. Forensic Mental Health- Involves providing care and treatment for clients with mental disorders, including substance use disorders and co-occurring medical disorders. C. Disaster psychiatric mental health nursing- Involves the coordination of care and related decision-making about mental health care for a client, family, group, or population. D. Telehealth- Utilizes telecommunication technology to deliver care and treatment. D. Telehealth- Utilizes telecommunication technology to deliver care and treatment. The Consensus Model for APRN Regulation has provided recommendations for L.A.C.E pertaining to all APRN practice. What does the acronym L.A.C.E. stand for? A. Licensure and Association of Clinical speciality and Education B. Licensure Accreditation Certification and Examination C. Licensure Advanced placement Competency and Education D. Licensure Accreditation Certification, and Education D. Licensure Accreditation Certification, and Education How does mental health diagnoses affect the average life expectancy? A. Those with psychiatric and mental health conditions have a decreased life expectancy of approximately 6-15-years. B. There is no association with mental health diagnoses and life expectancy. C. Those with psychiatric and mental health conditions have a decreased life expectancy of approximately 20-years. D. Those with psychiatric and mental health conditions have an increased life expectancy of approximately 10-years if they are medication compliant. C. Those with psychiatric and mental health conditions have a decreased life expectancy of approximately 20-years. The PMHNP begins to develop a sexual relationship with their pediatric client's guardian. Which ethical principle does this violate? A. Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer B. Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer C. Duties to Self and Others D. Collaboration to Meet Health Needs B. Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer The PMHNP is committed to practicing self-care, managing their personal stress, and maintaining supportive relationships outside of work. Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Duties to Self and Others B. Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer C. Collaboration to Meet Health Needs D. Contributions to Healthcare Environments A. Duties to Self and Others The PMHNP understands that behavioral change may involve setback. Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Respect for the Individual B. Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer C. Advancement of the Nursing Profession D. Responsibility and Accountability for Practice B. Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer The PMHNP witnessed their using an a illegal substance but did not report this to leadership because they did not want to incite workplace conflict. Which ethical principle does this violate? A. Promotion of the Nursing Profession B. Contributions to Healthcare Environment C. Duties to Self and Others D. Respect for the Individual B. Contributions to Healthcare Environment Person A: "I can't believe you deal with these people every day. Schizophrenics would drive ME crazy!" PMHNP: "Actually, schizophrenia is a chronic treatable disease, much like diabetes or other physical illnesses. Clients who have mental illness deserve compassion and care." Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer B. Advancement of the Nursing Profession C. Respect for the Individual D. Promotion of the Nursing Profession C. Respect for the Individual The client presents to the emergency department with hallucinations and is threatening self harm. The PMHNP signs an involuntary admission order for emergent psychiatric care. Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer B. Duties to self and others C. Respect for the Individual D. Commitment to the Health Care Consumer D. Commitment to the Health Care Consumer The scenario below best describes which clinical setting? The PMHNP is providing care to a 29-year-old client who presents with persistent sadness and hopelessness for the last two months. She is having difficulty sleeping and has a decreased appetite. This is the client's first contact with the healthcare system about her concerns. A. Community based care B. Crisis Intervention C. Primary Care D. Self-Empolyment C. Primary Care The scenario below best describes which clinical setting? Two weeks after starting on an SSRI, the client begins to experience suicidal ideations and develops a plan to kill herself. A friend brings the client to the emergency room. The PMHNP meets the client at the emergency room and collaborates with the physician to coordinate care. A. Psychotherapy B. Case Management C. Crisis Intervention D. Acute PMHNP care C. Crisis Intervention The PMHNP gives a presentation at a national conference on best practices in depression treatment. Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Duties to Self and Others B. Advancement of the Nursing Profession C. Promotion of the Nursing Profession D. Contributions to Healthcare Environment B. Advancement of the Nursing Profession The PMHNP is a member of the ANA and NAMI and regularly participates in workgroups that seek to expand access to care for healthcare consumers with PMH disorders. Which ethical principle is applicable? A. Collaboration to meet health needs B. Promotion of the Nursing Profession C. Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer D. Advancement of the Nursing Profession A. Collaboration to meet health needs Who developed the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital? A. Effie Jones B. Edward Cowles C. Dorothea Dix D. Loretta Ford A. Effie Jones Which of the following is NOT considered disparities in mental health treatment? A. Neighborhood and Built Environment B. Increased use of Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) C. Economic Stability D. Education B. Increased use of Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) Which of the following best describes PMHNP standards of Practice, Standard 2: Diagnosis? A. PMHNPs facilitate the use of system and community resources to implement the plan of care. B. PMHNPs evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis and effectiveness of interventions in reaching the client's desired outcomes. C. The PMHNP must be able to use data obtained during the interview, examination, and diagnostic procedures to develop standard psychiatric and substance use diagnoses. D. The PMHNP must be able to perform a comprehensive, person-centered psychiatric and mental health diagnostic evaluation, using relevant diagnostic tests and procedures. C. The PMHNP must be able to use data obtained during the interview, examination, and diagnostic procedures to develop standard psychiatric and substance use diagnoses. In 2018, the American Psychiatric Association (APA), in conjunction with the American Telemedicine Association (ATA) developed: best practices for providing videoconferencing-based telepsychiatric care-guidelines inform the technical considerations and administrative requirements needed to provide these services best practices for providing videoconferencing-based telepsychiatric care: -Use of a designated technology platform. Telesessions should not be conducted using alternate platforms; however, an alternate plan, such as a telephone call, may be used in case of technology failure. -Provisions for the verification of confidential and secure client information. -Sufficient bandwidth to provide clear, appropriate video and audio quality. -Device compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and state requirements. During telepsychiatry sessions, both the provider and client locations should be treated as a Confidential space During telepsychiatry sessions, provisions must be taken to ensure: -the discussion cannot be overheard by other-adequate lighting and ambiance is provided that is appropriate to the session -place the camera so that the eyes and face of the participants are visible Telepsychiatry Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Best practices -Malpractice insurance-Licensure requirements-Federal and state prescribing guidelines Reimbursement Telepsychiatry Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Malpractice insurance Malpractice insurance is required and some policies require additional policies for telehealth. Telepsychiatry Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Licensure requirements Licensure requirements differ from in-person practice.-Providers must hold a license to practice in the state where the client resides.-The PMHNP is responsible for following standards for the state in which they are practicing. Telepsychiatry Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Federal and state prescribing guidelines Federal and state prescribing guidelines differ for telepsychiatry.-The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 governs the prescribing of controlled substances via teleconferencing.• To safely prescribe, the provider must conduct an in-person medical evaluation at least once every 24 months and comply with all federal and state prescribing guidelines. Telepsychiatry Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Billing and Reimbursement -Reimbursement varies by state and insurance provider.• Currently, 48 states provide Medicaid reimbursement for telepsychiatry services.-pt made aware of any and all financial charges that may arise from the services prior to the commencement of initial services Best practices for determining the appropriateness of telepsychiatry services include consideration of the following: -cognitive capacity of the client-client history and medical status -geographic distance to emergency facilities -client support system Best practices related to special populations: Forensic and Correctional -follow applicable standards of consent in terms of client's legal status and rights -develop clear, site-specific protocols Telemental health Children and Adolescents: environment should facilitate the assessment by providing an adequate room size, furniture arrangement, toys, and activities that allow the youth to engage with the accompanying parent, presenter, and provider and demonstrate age-appropriate skills best practices related to special populations: Children and Adolescents follow the same guidelines presented for adults•modify care based on developmental status (motor functioning, speech and language capabilities, relatedness, and relevant regulatory issues)-include family as appropriate-Providers should consider how the presenter's involvement can affect service delivery -Appropriateness for telemental care shall consider safety of the youth, the availability of supportive adults, the mental health status of those adults, and ability of the site to respond to any urgent or emergent situations. Best practices related to special populations: Geriatric -include family as clinically appropriate-adapt care for cognitive or sensory impairment best practices related to special populations: Military and Veteran -be familiar with federal and organizational structures and guidelines -be familiar with military cultural competence best practices related to special populations: Substance Use Disorder Treatment comply with federal, state, and local regulations related to prescribing controlled substances -coordinate with on-site staff as appropriate to ensure care coordination and monitoring best practices related to special populations: Inpatient and Residential Settings -participate in administration and organizational meetings as appropriate -optimize use of site staff for consultation and care coordination best practices related to special populations: Primary Care leverage telepsychiatry to support integrated care best practices related to special populations: Rural be aware of impact of rural environments in relation to firearm ownership, kinship, and geographic barriers to care Typically, the standard operating procedures (SOP) addresses: roles, responsibilities, licensing, client identification, and systematic quality improvement. backup plan to address technical difficulties is frequently included standard protocols to support telepsychiatry services: (4 steps) Step 1: Confirm the name and credentials of provider and the name of the client. Step 2: Identify the location of the client. Step 3: Gather contact information for provider and client in case of interruption of session. Step 4: Provide guidance for appropriate contact between sessions and review emergency management protocols for client.-If client is in a location with clinical staff, the provider will inform staff of emergent situations -If client is in another location, the provider may identify a support person to contact for potential emergencies.-If the client requires emergency intervention in the community setting, the provider must coordinate with local emergency staff. Telehealthcare the use of telecommunications technology to remove time and distance barriers from the delivery of health care services and related health care activities-Traditionally, the use of telehealth and tele-mental health care was designed to meet the needs of rural populations and geographic areas with identified shortages of specialty health care professionals Forensic Mental Health Care Any cross between the criminal justice system and psychiatric nursing can be considered forensic mental health-64% of U.S. inmates have mental health concerns or disorders-15% to 20% of inmates in jails and prisons suffer from serious mental illness -Over 90% of federal inmates with mental health conditions are without access to mental health treatment Informed Consent Local, state, and national laws regarding verbal or written consent shall be followed-If written consent is required, then electronic signatures, assuming these are allowed in the relevant jurisdiction, may be used-The provider shall document the provision of consent in the medical record Informed Consent for care and treatment is a fundamental ethical and legal principle-respects the client's autonomy in medical decision-making-Clients have the right to receive information and ask questions about recommended treatments so they can make decisions about their care that are consistent with their beliefs, values, and goals of treatment-Clients have the right to knowledge about their treatment under "reasonable practitioner" or "reasonable person" standards under U. S. law.-may change over time and in different circumstances• is an ongoing process Steps to Obtaining Informed Consent -Assess client ability to understand medical information & tx options & to make a voluntary decision -Present relevant information with accuracy and sensitivity, Should include information about: • Diagnosis• Nature and purpose of treatment options• Benefits, risks, and burdens of all treatment options, including forgoing treatment -Document informed consent conversation in the medical record, including all consent forms Informed Consent: Documentation Documentation of the discussion to obtain informed consent should include: -treatment plans with risks and benefits identified-reasonable alternatives with risks and benefits identified assessment of client understanding of the discussion *must demonstrate that the client participated in the decision-making process and that the client was not coerced into treatment Exceptions to Informed Consent: -client incapacitation-life-threatening emergencies-voluntary waived consent-client unable to make decisions and has no designated decision-maker -involuntary treatment Clinically unsupervised settings -Providers should discuss the importance of having consistency in where the patient is located for sessions-knowing a patient's location at the time of care, as it impacts emergency management and local available resources • As patients change locations, providers shall be aware of the impact of location on emergency management protocols (police, emergency rooms, crisis teams)-provider should consider the use of a "Patient Support Person" (PSP) as clinically indicated• a family, friend or community member selected by the patient who could be called upon for support in the case of an emergency If a patient and/or a PSP will not cooperate in his or her own emergency management: providers shall be prepared to work with local emergency personnel in case the patient needs emergency services and/or involuntary hospitalization. Care Coordination With consent from the patient and in accordance with privacy guidelines, telemental health providers should arrange for appropriate and regular communication with other professionals and organizations involved in the care of the patient. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: VIDEOCONFERENCING PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS should select video conferencing applications that have the appropriate verification, confidentiality, and security parameters necessary to be properly utilized for this purpose-event of a technology breakdown, causing a disruption of the session, the professional shall have a backup plan in place (telephone access)-services at a bandwidth and with sufficient resolutions to ensure the quality of the image and/or audio received is appropriate to the services being delivered TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: security issues -policies and procedures in place to ensure the physical security of telehealth equipment and the electronic security of data-Organizations shall ensure compliance with all relevant safety laws, regulations, and codes for technology and technical safety -HIPAA and state privacy requirements shall be followed at all times to protect patient privacy mental health and substance use disorder services are afforded a higher degree of patients' rights as well as organizational responsibilities (e.g., need for specific consent from patients to release information around substance use) telemental health PHYSICAL LOCATION/ROOM REQUIREMENTS -both locations shall be considered a patient examination room regardless of a room's intended use-Providers shall ensure privacy so clinical discussion cannot be overheard by others outside of the room -patient and provider cameras should be placed at the same elevation as the eyes with the face clearly visible to the other person-features of the physical environment for both shall be adjusted so the physical space, to the degree possible, maximizes lighting, comfort and ambiance Child & Adolescent Telepsychiatry: Legal and Regulatory Issues Many states require guardian consent, written and/or verbal, for telepsychiatry services in addition to the usual consent for care-reporting requirements may vary by jurisdiction and ensure that relevant personnel at the distant (provider location) and originating (patient location) sites are informed of reporting requirements for youth -Telepsychiatrists should comply with the AACAP Code of Ethics-absence of a comprehensive policy for delivering telemedicine services, individual states have proposed legislation to expand services:• reimbursing for school-based telepsychiatry services• repealing laws that mandate minimum distance requirements between distant and originating sites in order to receive reimbursement Child & Adolescent Telepsychiatry: Patient Safety -·Psychiatrists telecommuting to any setting must consider whether appropriate emergency management protocols are in place and develop any needed protocols.-utilizes the local community's emergency resources-Telesychiatrists managing emergencies must rely on a team of individuals -· need to be able to effectively manipulate telepsychiatry technology in order to maximize video and audio quality to optimally assess signs of agitation, substance use, and medication side effects.• If technology falters, psychiatrists should be prepared to quickly initiate a pre-planned backup emergency management plan. The Ryan Haight Online Consumer Pharmacy Protection Act of 2008 impacts the legitimate practice of child and adolescent telepsychiatry.-requirement for the initial in-person evaluation is a major barrier for telepsychiatry with youth and the exceptions to this requirement are narrow and do not apply to many telepsychiatry applications The Ryan Haight Act is relevant to the increasing trend towards: direct-to-consumer telepsychiatry as the home setting is not an approved site of service for prescribing controlled substances. Child & Adolescent Telepsychiatry: Developing a Virtual Therapeutic Space -starts with the rooms at both the patient's and psychiatrist's sites-rooms should be set up to establish a typical clinical experience-psychiatrist's room should be conservatively appointed both to facilitate the camera's focus and to not distract the patient-patient's room should be of appropriate size to optimally conduct a mental status examination• including observation of gross motor and fine motor skills, affect and relatedness Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides a legal framework for handling client information-HIPAA rules help protect the privacy of the client's identifiable health information while facilitating communication among providers and other entities• ensure information is available for treatment and other purposes such as insurance benefits -health professionals may be held legally liable by state and federal law for breaching confidentiality HIPPPA- Release of Information -HIPAA guides the PMHNP in making decisions about when to share information based on their professional judgment to prevent harm• may be necessary for providers to share mental and behavioral health information to enhance treatment or ensure the health and safety of the client and others -PMHNPs are mandatory reporters in cases of suspected child abuse Duty to Warn exception to requirements for confidentiality-Most states have laws that allow mental health professionals to share information about clients who may become violent-several states, it is even mandatory for providers to report when clients may pose a danger to themselves or others Psychotherapy notes, or process notes are treated differently than other types of mental health information and receive special protections under HIPAA psychotherapy notes definition "notes recorded (in any medium) by a health care provider who is a mental health professional documenting or analyzing the contents of conversation during a private counseling session or a group, joint, or family counseling session and that are separated from the rest of the individual's medical record" Must the PMHNP release a client's medical record to a client's insurer? Yes Must the PMHNP release psychotherapy notes to the client? No Must the PMHNP release medical records to the court with a subpoena? Yes with client authorization Types of development the PMHNP should consider include: cognitive and psychosocial development Abraham Maslow's theory regarding human needs may also inform the PMHNP's approach to psychiatric interviewing. Piaget's cognitive stage: Sensorimotor 0-2 years of age• cognitive abilities based on reflexes• children master object permanence and causality Cognitive Development: Piaget's cognitive stages -Sensorimotor -Preoperational -Concrete Operational -Formal Operational Piaget's cognitive stage: Preoperational 2-7 years of age child can use mental representations, symbolic thought, and language • thinking is egocentric Piaget's cognitive stage: Concrete Operational 7-11 years of age child uses logical operations when thinking and solving problems thinking is concrete Formal Operational 12 years and older• adolescent can use abstract reasoning in addition to logical operations can understand theories, hypothesize, and comprehend abstract ideas such as love and justice Psychosocial Development: Erikson's developmental theory individuals go through a series of eight stages of psychosocial development from birth to death each stage, individuals must resolve a psychosocial crisis to move to the next stage• Unsuccessful resolution could impair the development of a healthy personality and sense of self, which could negatively impact mental health and relationships Erikson's psychosocial stages -Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-18 months) -Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (ages 18 months-2 to 3 years) -Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt (ages 3-5) -School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority (ages 6-11) -Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion (ages 12-18) -Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation (ages 19-40) -Middle Adulthood: Generativity vs. Stagnation (ages 40-65) -Maturity: Integrity vs. Despair (ages 65-death) Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational theory that examines people's behavior as it relates to five categories of needs Needs arranged in a pyramid, most basic needs at the foundation:• self-actualization (top of pyramid)• esteem • love/social needs• safety• physiological (bottom of pyramid) Special Considerations: Children -Legislation regarding minors and informed consent is based on state law • be familiar with the req in state of practice• Children under 17 typically cannot provide informed consent-Parents must give permission for tx in most circumstances, exceptions: • under 18 and married • serving in the military • able to provide financial independence • mother of a child (married or not) Special consideration: disregarding parental rights -A parent may not be allowed to access info. in the following circumstances: • info. is contained in the therapist's psychotherapy notes• parent not designated as the child's personal representative• parent voluntarily agrees that info can be kept confidential • provider has a reasonable belief that abuse or neglect exists or parent is a danger to the child • provider believes it is not in the child's best interest to treat the parent as the child's representative Interviewing children and adolescents -PMHNP may need to speak with family members separately from the child to gain additional information about the child's mental health concern-Family issues and family dynamics often play a role in the child's or adolescent's psychiatric disorder -Common topics to cover in an adolescent interview include: • interests• school and activities• drug and alcohol use • sexual activity• conduct problems Special Considerations: Older Adults When conducting a psychiatric interview with an older adult, the PMHNP must consider the following:-developmental issues of older adulthood-generational perspectives and beliefs -comorbid physical illness -polypharmacy-cognitive or sensory impairments -history of physical/mental disorders Sociocultural factors that may influence the experience and expression of health and of psychological problems in later life gender race ethnicity socioeconomic status sexual orientation disability status urban/rural residence Older adults: changes that impact cognitive functioning -Sensory deficits, especially vision and hearing -Physical health -Poverty -Medications -Active use of information processing strategies -Lifestyle factors -Neurodegenerative conditions Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) A federal law that governs student confidentiality in schools.-requires that schools not divulge, reveal or share any personally identifiable information about a student or his/her family, unless it is with another school employee who needs the information to work with the student. The American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2020) supports telemedicine as a legitimate component of a mental health delivery system when telepsychiatry services: -benefit the client-maintain client autonomy, confidentiality, and privacy-when used consistent with APA medical ethics policies and established telepsychiatry laws Telepsychiatry services are provided in diverse settings, including: • private practice• outpatient clinics• schools• nursing homes• correctional facilities • military facilities telepsychiatry services are delivered through: • videoconferencing technology • websites• recorded medical information • support or chat groups • asynchronous client-provider interactions social media • links to self-directed or assisted assessment Benefits of telepsychiatry services: • improved access to care• reduced costs• improved efficiency• improved integration of care• decreased emergency department visits • fewer delays in care • improved continuity of care• reduction of transportation-associated barriers Telepsychiatry __________, _________, _________, and _________ outcomes are comparable to in-person services. validity, reliability, assessment, and treatment outcomes most common modalities for providing telepsychiatric services is via videoconferencing technology