Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Prep:
Memmler’s Structure and Function of the
Human Body Your First Attempt and Avoid
Resits
Reproductive System - ANSWER//Produces sex
cells and hormones. (prostate gland, uterus, ovaries)
Urinary System - ANSWER//Eliminates excess
water, salts, and wastes. (urinary bladder, kidney,
urethra) bios - ANSWER//life cardium -
ANSWER//heart -logy - ANSWER//study of dorsum
- ANSWER//back homeo- - ANSWER//unchanging
medianus - ANSWER//situated in the middle paries
- ANSWER//wall pathos - ANSWER//disease venter
- ANSWER//belly or abdomen supine -
ANSWER//lying on the back peri- -
ANSWER//around -stasis - ANSWER//standing
pronus - ANSWER//inclined forward biology -
ANSWER//the study of life What makes something
alive? - ANSWER//Responsiveness, growth,
metabolism, reproduction, movement Anatomy -
ANSWER//the study of internal and external
structure/physical relationships between body parts
Physiology - ANSWER//the study of how living
organisms perform their vital functions Gross
Anatomy - ANSWER//(macroscopic) considers
features visible with the unaided eye Surface
Anatomy - ANSWER//the study of the general form
and superficial markings. Regional Anatomy -
ANSWER//considers all of the superficial and
internal features in a specific region of the body,
such as the head, trunk, and neck Systemic
Anatomy - ANSWER//considers the structure of
,major organ systems (organs that function together
in a coordinated manor) Microscopic Anatomy -
ANSWER//concerns structures that can't be seen
without magnification cytology - ANSWER//analyzes
the internal structure of individual cells Tissues -
ANSWER//Composed of similar cells working
together to perform a specific function. Histology -
ANSWER//examines tissues, groups of specialized
cells and cell products that work together to perform
special functions cells - ANSWER//different
molecules that interact to form larger structures.
Made up of chemical combonations organs -
ANSWER//consists of two or more different tissues
working together to perform a specific function.
human physiology - ANSWER//the study of the
functions of the human body front -
ANSWER//anterior (ventral) back -
ANSWER//posterior (dorsal) higher -
ANSWER//superior lower - ANSWER//inferior
further from the midline - ANSWER//lateral closer to
the midline - ANSWER//medial midline -
ANSWER//an imaginary line that divides the body
straight down the middle closer to the core body -
ANSWER//proximate further from the core body -
ANSWER//distal core body - ANSWER//the trunk
region towards the exterior - ANSWER//superficial
towards the interior - ANSWER//deep
cephalic/cranial - ANSWER//towards the head
caudal - ANSWER//towards the tail transverse
plane - ANSWER//divides the body into top and
bottom sections frontal/coronal plane -
ANSWER//divides the body into front and back
sections sagittal plane - ANSWER//divides the body
,into right and left sides mid-sagittal plane -
ANSWER//"midline" divides into equal right and left
sides receptor - ANSWER//sensitive to particular
stimulus, "receives" information (ex: room
thermometer) effector - ANSWER//that affects the
same stimulus, "creates" an effect on the situation
(ex: air conditioner turning on) negative feedback -
ANSWER//variation outside normal limits triggers
automatic corrective response, response negates
disturbance. (ex: hungry, full, hot, cold) positive
feedback - ANSWER//stimulus produces response
that reinforces the stimulus, response rapidly
completes critical process to prevent a potentially
dangerous/stressful process. (ex: blood clotting,
giving birth) prone - ANSWER//standing position
Acid - ANSWER//Substance that dissociates in
water, releasing hydrogen ions. Atom -
ANSWER//Tiny particles that make up elements.
Atomic Mass - ANSWER//Mass of an atom which is
dependent upon the presence of three types of
subatomic particles. Atomic Number -
ANSWER//The number of protons in an element.
Atomic Symbol - ANSWER//The one or two letters
that represent the name of an element. Base -
ANSWER//Substances that either take up hydrogen
ions or release hydroxide ions. Buffer - ANSWER//A
chemical or combination of chemicals that keeps pH
within normal limits. These resist pH changes
because they can take up excess hydrogen ions or
hydroxide ions. Compound - ANSWER//A molecule
that contains atoms of more than one element.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER//When two atoms share
electrons in order to have a completed outer shell.
, Electron - ANSWER//Subatomic particle with a
negative charge. Electronegativity -
ANSWER//Affinity for electrons in a covalent bond.
Electron Shell - ANSWER//Electron orbit the
nucleus at particular energy levels. Element -
ANSWER//A substance that cannot be broken down
into another substance by ordinary chemical means.
Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER//Positive hydrogen
atoms in one molecule are attracted to the negative
oxygen atoms in other water molecules. Hydrogen
Ion - ANSWER//H+ Hydrophilic -
ANSWER//Molecules that are attracted to water.
Hydrophobic - ANSWER//Nonionized and nonpolar
molecules that are not attracted to water. Hydroxide
Ion - ANSWER//OH- Ion - ANSWER//Charged atom.
Ionic Bond - ANSWER//When two atoms are held
together by the attraction between opposite charges.
Isotope - ANSWER//Atom of the same element that
differs in the number of neutrons. Matter -
ANSWER//Anything that takes up space and has
mass. Molecule - ANSWER//A group of atoms
bonded together. Neutron - ANSWER//Subatomic
particle with no electrical charge. Nucleus -
ANSWER//Center of an atom which contains
protons and neutrons. Octet Rule - ANSWER//If an
atom has two or more shells, the outer shell is most
stable when it has eight electrons. pH -
ANSWER//Mathematical way of indicating the
number of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH Scale -
ANSWER//Used to indicate the acidity or
basicity(alkalinity) of a solution. Polar -
ANSWER//The atoms on either side of the bond are
partially charged, even though the overall molecule
Memmler’s Structure and Function of the
Human Body Your First Attempt and Avoid
Resits
Reproductive System - ANSWER//Produces sex
cells and hormones. (prostate gland, uterus, ovaries)
Urinary System - ANSWER//Eliminates excess
water, salts, and wastes. (urinary bladder, kidney,
urethra) bios - ANSWER//life cardium -
ANSWER//heart -logy - ANSWER//study of dorsum
- ANSWER//back homeo- - ANSWER//unchanging
medianus - ANSWER//situated in the middle paries
- ANSWER//wall pathos - ANSWER//disease venter
- ANSWER//belly or abdomen supine -
ANSWER//lying on the back peri- -
ANSWER//around -stasis - ANSWER//standing
pronus - ANSWER//inclined forward biology -
ANSWER//the study of life What makes something
alive? - ANSWER//Responsiveness, growth,
metabolism, reproduction, movement Anatomy -
ANSWER//the study of internal and external
structure/physical relationships between body parts
Physiology - ANSWER//the study of how living
organisms perform their vital functions Gross
Anatomy - ANSWER//(macroscopic) considers
features visible with the unaided eye Surface
Anatomy - ANSWER//the study of the general form
and superficial markings. Regional Anatomy -
ANSWER//considers all of the superficial and
internal features in a specific region of the body,
such as the head, trunk, and neck Systemic
Anatomy - ANSWER//considers the structure of
,major organ systems (organs that function together
in a coordinated manor) Microscopic Anatomy -
ANSWER//concerns structures that can't be seen
without magnification cytology - ANSWER//analyzes
the internal structure of individual cells Tissues -
ANSWER//Composed of similar cells working
together to perform a specific function. Histology -
ANSWER//examines tissues, groups of specialized
cells and cell products that work together to perform
special functions cells - ANSWER//different
molecules that interact to form larger structures.
Made up of chemical combonations organs -
ANSWER//consists of two or more different tissues
working together to perform a specific function.
human physiology - ANSWER//the study of the
functions of the human body front -
ANSWER//anterior (ventral) back -
ANSWER//posterior (dorsal) higher -
ANSWER//superior lower - ANSWER//inferior
further from the midline - ANSWER//lateral closer to
the midline - ANSWER//medial midline -
ANSWER//an imaginary line that divides the body
straight down the middle closer to the core body -
ANSWER//proximate further from the core body -
ANSWER//distal core body - ANSWER//the trunk
region towards the exterior - ANSWER//superficial
towards the interior - ANSWER//deep
cephalic/cranial - ANSWER//towards the head
caudal - ANSWER//towards the tail transverse
plane - ANSWER//divides the body into top and
bottom sections frontal/coronal plane -
ANSWER//divides the body into front and back
sections sagittal plane - ANSWER//divides the body
,into right and left sides mid-sagittal plane -
ANSWER//"midline" divides into equal right and left
sides receptor - ANSWER//sensitive to particular
stimulus, "receives" information (ex: room
thermometer) effector - ANSWER//that affects the
same stimulus, "creates" an effect on the situation
(ex: air conditioner turning on) negative feedback -
ANSWER//variation outside normal limits triggers
automatic corrective response, response negates
disturbance. (ex: hungry, full, hot, cold) positive
feedback - ANSWER//stimulus produces response
that reinforces the stimulus, response rapidly
completes critical process to prevent a potentially
dangerous/stressful process. (ex: blood clotting,
giving birth) prone - ANSWER//standing position
Acid - ANSWER//Substance that dissociates in
water, releasing hydrogen ions. Atom -
ANSWER//Tiny particles that make up elements.
Atomic Mass - ANSWER//Mass of an atom which is
dependent upon the presence of three types of
subatomic particles. Atomic Number -
ANSWER//The number of protons in an element.
Atomic Symbol - ANSWER//The one or two letters
that represent the name of an element. Base -
ANSWER//Substances that either take up hydrogen
ions or release hydroxide ions. Buffer - ANSWER//A
chemical or combination of chemicals that keeps pH
within normal limits. These resist pH changes
because they can take up excess hydrogen ions or
hydroxide ions. Compound - ANSWER//A molecule
that contains atoms of more than one element.
Covalent Bond - ANSWER//When two atoms share
electrons in order to have a completed outer shell.
, Electron - ANSWER//Subatomic particle with a
negative charge. Electronegativity -
ANSWER//Affinity for electrons in a covalent bond.
Electron Shell - ANSWER//Electron orbit the
nucleus at particular energy levels. Element -
ANSWER//A substance that cannot be broken down
into another substance by ordinary chemical means.
Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER//Positive hydrogen
atoms in one molecule are attracted to the negative
oxygen atoms in other water molecules. Hydrogen
Ion - ANSWER//H+ Hydrophilic -
ANSWER//Molecules that are attracted to water.
Hydrophobic - ANSWER//Nonionized and nonpolar
molecules that are not attracted to water. Hydroxide
Ion - ANSWER//OH- Ion - ANSWER//Charged atom.
Ionic Bond - ANSWER//When two atoms are held
together by the attraction between opposite charges.
Isotope - ANSWER//Atom of the same element that
differs in the number of neutrons. Matter -
ANSWER//Anything that takes up space and has
mass. Molecule - ANSWER//A group of atoms
bonded together. Neutron - ANSWER//Subatomic
particle with no electrical charge. Nucleus -
ANSWER//Center of an atom which contains
protons and neutrons. Octet Rule - ANSWER//If an
atom has two or more shells, the outer shell is most
stable when it has eight electrons. pH -
ANSWER//Mathematical way of indicating the
number of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH Scale -
ANSWER//Used to indicate the acidity or
basicity(alkalinity) of a solution. Polar -
ANSWER//The atoms on either side of the bond are
partially charged, even though the overall molecule
