ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam
Edition (2025/2026) – Real Practice
Questions and Answers by ATI
Nursing Education – Guarantee Pass
on First Attempt
stretching. Edema - ANSWER//An abnormal accumulation
of fluid, either localized or generalized, within the tissues
(within spaces of the areolar tissue) or cavities of the body.
Elastic Cartilage - ANSWER//Also called yellow cartilage,
similar to hyaline cartilage, except that it contains many
elastic fibers; it is found in the external ear and epiglottis.
Elastic Connective Tissue - ANSWER//Connective tissue
copmosed of large numbers of elastic fibers; found in
tissues that expand and contract, such as the lungs and
vocal cords. Elastic Fibers - ANSWER//Fibers composed
of elastin. Found in the vocal cords, lungs, skin, and walls
of blood vessels. Endocrine Glands - ANSWER//Glands or
cells that release their regulatory products (hormones)
directly into the bloodstream. Glands are collectively
called the endocrine system. Examples include the
pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Endothelium -
ANSWER//Composed of simple squamous epithelium, this
tissue lines the heart, blood vessels, and serous cavities
of the body. Epidermis - ANSWER//Composed of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, this is the
outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial Tissue -
ANSWER//A collection of tissues that are made up of
layers of cells that line and cover body surfaces; these
cells may be single or multilayered and can regenerate
quickly. Excretions - ANSWER//The elimination of waste
materials from the cell or body. Excretory Ducts -
ANSWER//Ducts that transport waste products or
secretions out of an organ or gland. Exocrine Gland -
,ANSWER//Glands that release their secretions through
ducts that lead directly to the location intended to be
controlled; examples include sweat glands and salivary
glands. Extracellular Fibers - ANSWER//The fibers of
connective tissue located outside of the cells that perform
a variety of functions depending on the degree of their
elasticity or concentration. Extracellular Matrix -
ANSWER//The nonliving substance found between the
cells that provides support and nourishment to connective
tissues. Fascia - ANSWER//An arrangement of dense
regular connective tissue that lies over muscle; this layer
helps to support, separate, and connect muscle to other
structures. Fibroblast - ANSWER//Fixed cell involved in
the development of connective tissue; can differentiate
into chondroblasts and osteoblasts to create substances
specific to their cell type. Fibrocartilage - ANSWER//Found
between the vertebrae, this cartilage has no
perichondrium; it possesses dense bundles of collagenous
fibers, but few chondrocytes. Has excellent ability to resist
compression. Fibrocyte - ANSWER//Mature, fiber-forming
cell. First Intention Healing - ANSWER//Healing that
occurs in tissues in which the wound edges are held in
close apposition to one another as in the case of a sutured
wound. Little to no granulation tissue is formed and there
is generally minimal scarring. Fixed Cells - ANSWER//One
of the two subdivisions of connective tissue cells; cells are
stationary within the connective tissue and perform
functions such as matrix production and regulation. Gap
Junction - ANSWER//Channel proteins that form junctional
complexes in intestinal epithelial cells; these proteins
allow for the passage of nutrients as well as providing a
channel for intercellular communication. Found in
intestinal epithelial cells, the heart, and smooth muscle
tissue. Glandular Epithelia - ANSWER//Epithelial tissue
composed of one cell (goblet cell) or groups of cells that
produce and secrete substances into the lumen.
Glycosaminoglycans - ANSWER//Carbohydrates
,composed of amino sugars which are found in
proteoglycans; make up a portion of the ground substance
in connective tissue. Goblet Cell - ANSWER//A type of
simple columnar cell (unicellular gland), located in the
respiratory and intestinal tracts, that secretes mucus.
Granulation Tissue - ANSWER//The new vascular and
cellular tissue formed during the restoration of wounded
tissue; it consists of connective tissue (collagen fibers)
and new blood vessels. Ground Substance -
ANSWER//The shapeless, viscous portion of the matrix
present in connective tissue in which cells receive
nutrients and void waste products; also helps to protect
the body from infectious agents by acting as a barrier.
Hemidesmosomes - ANSWER//The half units of
desmosomes that connect the epithelium to the basement
membrane. Hibernating Gland - ANSWER//An alternate
name for brown adipose tissue, owing to its glandular
appearance and its vital role in providing body heat to an
animal during hibernation. Heparin - ANSWER//A
chemical manufactured by mast cells that acts as an
anticoagulant to help continue the increased blood flow
during the inflammatory process. Histamine - ANSWER//A
chemical produced by mast cells during tissue injury that
increases blood flow and heart rate during the
inflammatory process. Holocrine Gland - ANSWER//A
gland whose granular secretions contain not only the
secretory product but also the cells themselves; the entire
cell is destroyed in the process of secretion. Example:
sebaceous glands. Homogeneous - ANSWER//Having a
uniform composition. Hormones - ANSWER//Chemical
messengers of the body that are produced and excreted
by endocrine glands. Hyaline Cartilage - ANSWER//A
bluish, semitransparent cartilage present in the costal
cartilage, trachea, and embryonic skeleton; also present
as articular cartilage at the ends of the long bones.
Inflammation - ANSWER//The first step in the healing
process when the body is injured; its purpose is to "clean
, up" the damaged area through various inflammatory
processes so healing can begin. Innervated -
ANSWER//Having a nerve supply. Integument -
ANSWER//The skin of the body, consisting of the dermis
and epidermis. Intercalated Disk - ANSWER//End-to-end
attachment sites between adjacent cardiac muscle cells
that transmit impulses from cell to cell, allowing large
groups of cardiac muscle cells to function as a single unit.
Involuntary Nonstriated Muscle - ANSWER//Another name
for smooth muscle. Involuntary Striated Muscle -
ANSWER//Another name for cardiac muscle. Junctional
Complex - ANSWER//The point at which epithelial cells
join to one another in very close proximity. Three types:
tight, gap, and desmosomes. Keratin - ANSWER//A tough
waterproof protein that makes up scales, the outer
sheaths of beaks and claws, and feathers; a main
component of the epidermis, nails, hair, horns, and
hooves. Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium -
ANSWER//The epithelial classification of the epidermis; it
is highly regenerative and waterproof, helping the body to
retain moisture and thermoregulate. Consists of several
layers of squamous shaped cells. Lacunae -
ANSWER//Small cavities within the matrix of some
connective tissues, such as cartilage and bone, within
which cells are contained. Leukocyte - ANSWER//White
blood cell; the primary function is to fight infection. Loose
Connective Tissue - ANSWER//A subclass of connective
tissue proper; vascularized connective tissue whose
function is to support the tissue it surrounds. Includes
areolar, adipose, and reticular connective tissues. Lumen -
ANSWER//The opening in the middle of the intestinal tract
or any hollow organ. Macrophage - ANSWER//Phagocytic
cell that can engulf fairly large cells or bits of debris; they
may be fixed in place or they may travel around the
tissues. Become more mobile during infection and
inflammation. Mast Cell - ANSWER//A transient cell of
connectve tissue containing heparin and histamine used in
Edition (2025/2026) – Real Practice
Questions and Answers by ATI
Nursing Education – Guarantee Pass
on First Attempt
stretching. Edema - ANSWER//An abnormal accumulation
of fluid, either localized or generalized, within the tissues
(within spaces of the areolar tissue) or cavities of the body.
Elastic Cartilage - ANSWER//Also called yellow cartilage,
similar to hyaline cartilage, except that it contains many
elastic fibers; it is found in the external ear and epiglottis.
Elastic Connective Tissue - ANSWER//Connective tissue
copmosed of large numbers of elastic fibers; found in
tissues that expand and contract, such as the lungs and
vocal cords. Elastic Fibers - ANSWER//Fibers composed
of elastin. Found in the vocal cords, lungs, skin, and walls
of blood vessels. Endocrine Glands - ANSWER//Glands or
cells that release their regulatory products (hormones)
directly into the bloodstream. Glands are collectively
called the endocrine system. Examples include the
pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Endothelium -
ANSWER//Composed of simple squamous epithelium, this
tissue lines the heart, blood vessels, and serous cavities
of the body. Epidermis - ANSWER//Composed of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, this is the
outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial Tissue -
ANSWER//A collection of tissues that are made up of
layers of cells that line and cover body surfaces; these
cells may be single or multilayered and can regenerate
quickly. Excretions - ANSWER//The elimination of waste
materials from the cell or body. Excretory Ducts -
ANSWER//Ducts that transport waste products or
secretions out of an organ or gland. Exocrine Gland -
,ANSWER//Glands that release their secretions through
ducts that lead directly to the location intended to be
controlled; examples include sweat glands and salivary
glands. Extracellular Fibers - ANSWER//The fibers of
connective tissue located outside of the cells that perform
a variety of functions depending on the degree of their
elasticity or concentration. Extracellular Matrix -
ANSWER//The nonliving substance found between the
cells that provides support and nourishment to connective
tissues. Fascia - ANSWER//An arrangement of dense
regular connective tissue that lies over muscle; this layer
helps to support, separate, and connect muscle to other
structures. Fibroblast - ANSWER//Fixed cell involved in
the development of connective tissue; can differentiate
into chondroblasts and osteoblasts to create substances
specific to their cell type. Fibrocartilage - ANSWER//Found
between the vertebrae, this cartilage has no
perichondrium; it possesses dense bundles of collagenous
fibers, but few chondrocytes. Has excellent ability to resist
compression. Fibrocyte - ANSWER//Mature, fiber-forming
cell. First Intention Healing - ANSWER//Healing that
occurs in tissues in which the wound edges are held in
close apposition to one another as in the case of a sutured
wound. Little to no granulation tissue is formed and there
is generally minimal scarring. Fixed Cells - ANSWER//One
of the two subdivisions of connective tissue cells; cells are
stationary within the connective tissue and perform
functions such as matrix production and regulation. Gap
Junction - ANSWER//Channel proteins that form junctional
complexes in intestinal epithelial cells; these proteins
allow for the passage of nutrients as well as providing a
channel for intercellular communication. Found in
intestinal epithelial cells, the heart, and smooth muscle
tissue. Glandular Epithelia - ANSWER//Epithelial tissue
composed of one cell (goblet cell) or groups of cells that
produce and secrete substances into the lumen.
Glycosaminoglycans - ANSWER//Carbohydrates
,composed of amino sugars which are found in
proteoglycans; make up a portion of the ground substance
in connective tissue. Goblet Cell - ANSWER//A type of
simple columnar cell (unicellular gland), located in the
respiratory and intestinal tracts, that secretes mucus.
Granulation Tissue - ANSWER//The new vascular and
cellular tissue formed during the restoration of wounded
tissue; it consists of connective tissue (collagen fibers)
and new blood vessels. Ground Substance -
ANSWER//The shapeless, viscous portion of the matrix
present in connective tissue in which cells receive
nutrients and void waste products; also helps to protect
the body from infectious agents by acting as a barrier.
Hemidesmosomes - ANSWER//The half units of
desmosomes that connect the epithelium to the basement
membrane. Hibernating Gland - ANSWER//An alternate
name for brown adipose tissue, owing to its glandular
appearance and its vital role in providing body heat to an
animal during hibernation. Heparin - ANSWER//A
chemical manufactured by mast cells that acts as an
anticoagulant to help continue the increased blood flow
during the inflammatory process. Histamine - ANSWER//A
chemical produced by mast cells during tissue injury that
increases blood flow and heart rate during the
inflammatory process. Holocrine Gland - ANSWER//A
gland whose granular secretions contain not only the
secretory product but also the cells themselves; the entire
cell is destroyed in the process of secretion. Example:
sebaceous glands. Homogeneous - ANSWER//Having a
uniform composition. Hormones - ANSWER//Chemical
messengers of the body that are produced and excreted
by endocrine glands. Hyaline Cartilage - ANSWER//A
bluish, semitransparent cartilage present in the costal
cartilage, trachea, and embryonic skeleton; also present
as articular cartilage at the ends of the long bones.
Inflammation - ANSWER//The first step in the healing
process when the body is injured; its purpose is to "clean
, up" the damaged area through various inflammatory
processes so healing can begin. Innervated -
ANSWER//Having a nerve supply. Integument -
ANSWER//The skin of the body, consisting of the dermis
and epidermis. Intercalated Disk - ANSWER//End-to-end
attachment sites between adjacent cardiac muscle cells
that transmit impulses from cell to cell, allowing large
groups of cardiac muscle cells to function as a single unit.
Involuntary Nonstriated Muscle - ANSWER//Another name
for smooth muscle. Involuntary Striated Muscle -
ANSWER//Another name for cardiac muscle. Junctional
Complex - ANSWER//The point at which epithelial cells
join to one another in very close proximity. Three types:
tight, gap, and desmosomes. Keratin - ANSWER//A tough
waterproof protein that makes up scales, the outer
sheaths of beaks and claws, and feathers; a main
component of the epidermis, nails, hair, horns, and
hooves. Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium -
ANSWER//The epithelial classification of the epidermis; it
is highly regenerative and waterproof, helping the body to
retain moisture and thermoregulate. Consists of several
layers of squamous shaped cells. Lacunae -
ANSWER//Small cavities within the matrix of some
connective tissues, such as cartilage and bone, within
which cells are contained. Leukocyte - ANSWER//White
blood cell; the primary function is to fight infection. Loose
Connective Tissue - ANSWER//A subclass of connective
tissue proper; vascularized connective tissue whose
function is to support the tissue it surrounds. Includes
areolar, adipose, and reticular connective tissues. Lumen -
ANSWER//The opening in the middle of the intestinal tract
or any hollow organ. Macrophage - ANSWER//Phagocytic
cell that can engulf fairly large cells or bits of debris; they
may be fixed in place or they may travel around the
tissues. Become more mobile during infection and
inflammation. Mast Cell - ANSWER//A transient cell of
connectve tissue containing heparin and histamine used in
