Week 8 Exit Exam V2: NR667 / NR 667 (Latest Update 2026/2027) FNP Capstone Practicum and Intensive CEA | Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A – Chamberlain

Week 8 Exit Exam V2: NR667 / NR 667 (Latest Update 2026/2027) FNP Capstone Practicum and Intensive CEA | Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A – Chamberlain Your 51-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with a "new murmur" during a near syncopal episode workup. In evaluating this patient, during which phase of the cardiac cycle would you anticipate auscultation of an S1 heart sound? Systole The initial workup for a patient with a new chief complaint of palpitations should include which of the following tests first? Basic metabolic profile Which of the following locations is most commonly described as the best location to identify the aortic valve in a healthy adult? 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border Jason, a 63-year-old male who had a cardiac drug-eluting stent placed and had an elevated troponin of 1.6, asks how long he will need to be on aspirin plus clopidogrel (Plavix). How long should Jason be on dual antiplatelet therapy after his stent? 12 months minimum What illness or diagnosis would localized egophony on auscultation over the left lower lobe most likely imply? Consolidation (pneumonia) While assessing a 15-year-old patient for a new onset of cough, how does performing percussion of the thorax assist the provider during the physical examination? To identify if underlying tissues are air-filled, fluid-filled, or consolidated Which of the following patients would you expect to show a less-than-expected forced vital capacity (FVC) on pulmonary function testing? Severe interstitial lung disease In obstructive lung disease, a decreased level in which of the following spirometry parameters is most suggestive of diagnosis? Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV₁) Your newly established patient developed a progressively enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) along with symptoms of anxiety, palpitations, and tremor over the last year. Which diagnosis is most likely based on these findings? Graves' Disease A 32-year-old female with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism might exhibit which of the following typical signs on exam? Exophthalmos Your patient has Cushing's disease. Which of the following would you NOT expect to find during examination? Low body temperature In a patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, the evaluation for end-organ dysfunction should include which of the following? of these are appropriate A patient with severe cirrhosis awaiting possible liver transplant should be evaluated with which scoring system to assess liver function and prognosis? Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score You suspect mononucleosis in a 12-year-old with left upper quadrant pain and likely splenomegaly. Which examination step should be avoided over that area? Deep palpitation A 21-year-old female may have a perforated gastric ulcer with peritonitis. Which type of bacteria is most likely the causative agent? Gram negative rods A 22-year-old male power lifter complains his scrotum is very enlarged and fluid-like. Which diagnosis is most likely? Hydrocele A 22-year-old female has sinus pressure and congestion. Which maneuver may help reproduce sinus-related pain and support the diagnosis? Leaning forward A 49-year-old male presents with weight loss, night sweats, anhedonia, and CXR showing profoundly enlarged hilar adenopathy. Which diagnosis should be in your differential? Lymphoma Which of the following diseases is associated with vitreous detachment? Ehlers-Danlos A patient presents with a unilateral visual deficit described as loss of visual fields on the right side in both eyes. This is known as what? Homonymous hemianopia An adolescent female with microcytic, hypochromic anemia and elevated RDW most likely has iron deficiency. Which labs will you order first? TIBC and ferritin A microcytic anemia with normal RDW is most likely which type of anemia? Thalassemia trait A 43-year-old male with macrocytic anemia should be evaluated for which lab level to help narrow the etiology? Vitamin B12 A 66-year-old female with end-stage renal disease on dialysis has labs showing high creatinine/BUN. On CBC, you'd typically see which result? Normal MCH, hemoglobin 9.6 During a routine physical, a 12-year-old with a history of Reye syndrome is noted. Which agent is most often implicated in causing Reye syndrome? Aspirin use Your patient is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which immunoglobulin is the first to be elevated in the serum? IgM A patient had new onset hepatitis B about one year ago. Which marker is most likely elevated now? Hepatitis Core antibody A 24-year-old female suspected of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which useful lab aids diagnosis? Antinuclear antibody Which glands are commonly obstructed and may require incision and drainage for abscess? Apocrine When screening a suspicious mole for melanoma, which feature is especially concerning? Irregular border Which dermatologic lesion is precancerous and due to UV-B exposure? Actinic keratosis Based on ABCDE for melanoma, which represents a suspicious finding? Diameter of 0.8 cm A patient actively experiencing delirium tremens after abrupt alcohol cessation is likely suffering from deficit of which neurotransmitter? GABA To differentiate anxiety from hyperthyroidism, which test is most useful? TSH and free T4 Your schizophrenic patient says, "What is that awful smell?" This is an example of which type of hallucination? Olfactory A 16-year-old who attempted self-harm must be evaluated for which most common co diagnosis? Depression A 23-year-old male has severe pain raising his arm overhead. Which diagnosis is most likely? Damage to the rotator cuff A 16-year-old female has unilateral jaw pain and difficulty fully opening her mouth. Which diagnosis is most likely? Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, treat with a bite guard Limited lumbar spine movement with inflammation over the sacroiliac joints. Which diagnosis fits best? Ankylosing spondylitis You perform a sensory exam of the face and notice abnormal sensation to sharp/dull over the left cheek. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved? Trigeminal nerve (CN V) During a neurologic exam (cranial nerves), which is the most effective for assessing cranial nerve II? Snellen chart for visual acuity Having the patient close their eyes and identify a familiar object in their hand is known as which test? Stereognosis A patient with a damaged glossopharyngeal nerve might exhibit which clinical finding? Impaired gag reflex A patient successfully treated for strep infection now has hematuria with RBC casts. Which diagnosis is confirmed? Glomerulonephritis In addition to dysuria and frequency, which urinalysis finding confirms pyelonephritis? WBC casts on urinalysis In assessing suspected pyelonephritis, which physical exam test may elicit a confirmatory response? Renal punch test In a diabetic hypertensive patient, which first test is used to evaluate early renal dysfunction? Urinalysis with micro/macro albumin A 19-year-old female with groin pain and a recent promiscuous partner. She shuffles when walking, STI positive. Which agent most likely caused this? Gonorrhea and Chlamydia A 15-year-old with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Which lab should be ordered first? Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) A 25-year-old with malodorous vaginal discharge suspicious for bacterial vaginosis. Which test is not used to diagnose BV? Gonorrhea and Chlamydia DNA probe A patient with CHF (EF 30%) has SOB only with jogging/exercise, not at rest or ADLs. Which NYHA class is this? Class II A patient presents with new-onset irregularly irregular rapid HR around 100 bpm for several days. What is the first priority intervention? Maintain rate control and anticoagulation prior to rhythm conversion A 63-year-old male with exertional chest pressure that resolves with rest (not increasing in frequency) is diagnosed with what and gets what plan? Stable angina; initiate a long-acting oral nitrate A 72-year-old female with prior CABG and valve replacement now has fever, night sweats, and a new murmur. Which complication must you evaluate? Bacterial endocarditis In a 9-year-old, you hear crackles in the lower lobe that clear after coughing. What do you suspect? Atelectasis A tall, thin 15-year-old male abruptly developed SOB after a minor fall. Which diagnosis do you anticipate? Spontaneous pneumothorax A patient recently post-operative for appendectomy has dull percussion over the lung base. Which diagnosis is likely? Atelectasis Which of the following patients is most likely to complain of hemoptysis? Lung cancer A patient's labs show TSH 5.9 (slightly high) and free T4 0.3 (low). Which symptom would you expect with these values? Cold intolerance A 40-year-old African American female patient presents with exophthalmos on exam. Which condition is described? Hyperthyroidism For suspected Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which test specifically evaluates the underlying pathology of hypothyroidism? Check anti-thyroid peroxidase levels A 51-year-old Caucasian male hasn't seen a provider in 20 years. He presents with nonpitting periorbital edema, coarse hair, lateral eyebrow thinning. Which finding causes this? Severe hypothyroidism Patients with flu-like symptoms, splenomegaly, and posterior cervical chain adenopathy should be screened with which test? Monospot A patient diagnosed with acanthosis nigricans would typically have which exam finding? Central obesity A 39-year-old female with RUQ pain worsened by deep breathing and a positive Murphy sign. Which condition is consistent with this? Cholecystitis In educating a patient about GERD management, which factor is not typically an aggravating cause? Increased gastric emptying ("dumping") A 48-year-old with floaters, flashes of light, and a "curtain" coming down over the visual field. Which condition is likely? Retinal detachment A patient with acute closed-angle glaucoma will show which finding on exam? Increase in intraocular pressure A 52-year-old male with hearing difficulty in the right ear. Which test helps differentiate conductive vs. sensorineural loss? Weber test Your patient provides a research paper on a sinus infection treatment. Which study design is the highest level of evidence? Systematic review A 16-year-old female with heavy menses, severe cramping, and possible endometriosis. Which diagnosis should you consider first in your workup? Endometriosis A patient with elevated MCV and MCH on CBC might have which condition? Recent gastric bypass surgery A patient's platelet count dropped from 140,000 to 60,000 after recent cath lab procedures with heparin. Which diagnosis must be ruled out? Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia A patient has elevated WBC, fever, and chills. Which of the following is not a potential cause of the elevated WBC? Discontinuation syndrome from abruptly stopping SSRI therapy A patient had a thymectomy and was diagnosed with "whole-body weakness." Which diagnosis is most likely? Myasthenia gravis A 17-year-old with a bee sting to the face who now has swelling and trouble breathing. Which diagnosis is most common? IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction A 28-year-old male with HIV is "well managed" if, in addition to having a good CD4 count, he also has what? Undetectable or very low viral copies A 22-year-old female with lab evidence of SLE might also have which classic physical finding? Butterfly rash on the face crossing the midline of the nose A 38-year-old male with darkened, velvety skin in neck/axilla areas is most likely which diagnosis? Acanthosis nigricans A 21-year-old sexually active female has "weird bumps" on her vulva. Which virus causes condyloma? Human papilloma virus type 6 and 11 A patient has a dark brown, round, "stuck on" lesion. Which lesion best fits this description? Seborrheic keratosis A 1-year-old with erythema on the face around nasolabial folds and fine dandruff. Which disease is most likely? Infantile seborrheic dermatitis ("cradle cap") A 30-year-old with cyclical extremes of euphoria and depression. Which diagnosis is likely? Bipolar disorder A patient in rehab after major surgery appears despondent, sleepy, unmotivated, stable vitals. Which condition does this likely represent? Situational depression A 29-year-old veteran who must face the door at all times might have PTSD. Which medication is first-line for PTSD? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors An 8-year-old female with fear of abandonment, intense relationships, recurrent self harm. Which diagnosis fits best? Borderline personality disorder A 55-year-old male diabetic with exertional left lower leg pain, numbness at rest, hair loss on anterior tibia. Which diagnosis? Peripheral arterial disease, order ankle-brachial index A patient off diuretics for vacation gained 21 lbs, has bilateral crackles, severe generalized edema including abdomen. Which condition describes this? Anasarca A 45-year-old male with known peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and no surgical history. Which medication should he be on if not already? Cilostazol (Pletal) During an oral exam, the patient's tongue deviates to the left when protruded. Which is the correct diagnosis? Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) lesion A 56-year-old male smoker with TIA symptoms. Which medication strategy is indicated in TIA? Use of daily clopidogrel (Plavix) A patient with difficulty forming words but intact comprehension and ability to follow commands. Which brain area? Broca's area A 22-year-old who appears drowsy, opens eyes to respond, then drifts back to sleep. Which level of consciousness is this? Lethargic Which condition is least suspicious for renal artery stenosis in a hypertensive patient? Hypertension controlled on 2 medications A 31-year-old female has gram-negative rods on urine culture. Which organism is least likely? Streptococcus Elevated creatinine after a period of hypotension suggests which type of renal dysfunction? Acute tubular necrosis An ESRD patient is asked about how hemodialysis works. Which explanation is most accurate? My blood is cleaned by diffusing across a semi-permeable membrane A G2P1 pregnant female at 28 weeks with ultrasound-confirmed placenta previa. What guidance is correct? We should schedule a time with your obstetrician for a cesarean section delivery The most common causes of uterine cancer include which history items? Obesity and smoking A 22-year-old with migraines and endometriosis on combined oral contraceptives. Which question is priority? Do you have any visual, sight, or taste symptoms before your migraine symptoms? A 19-year-old male with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) at rate 220. On EKG, SVT is typically seen as what? Narrow QRS complex and regular A 52-year-old with HFrEF (EF 35%) needs optimal medical therapy. Which drug is generally avoided as part of first-line HFrEF management? Amlodipine (Norvasc) A 47-year-old with COPD and coronary artery disease started a new beta-blocker and now wheezes more. Which agent is least safe? Labetalol A 56-year-old female was started on aspirin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, lisinopril, amlodipine, and bupropion. She now has LE edema and constipation. Which drug is most likely responsible? Amlodipine In asthma management, which drug class should never be used as monotherapy? Long-acting beta agonists A 9-year-old newly diagnosed with mild asthma. What is the first prescription typically? Albuterol MDI (short-acting β2 agonist) PRN for wheezing A 28-year-old female in status asthmaticus unrelieved by nebulized albuterol might benefit from which IM medication? Terbutaline A 52-year-old patient with COPD is prescribed an inhaled medication. Which agent requires mouth rinsing to prevent thrush? Inhaled corticosteroids A 47-year-old newly diagnosed with T2DM is started on the most commonly prescribed first agent. A typical side effect is what? Diarrhea A 22-year-old trans female patient abruptly stopped a medication regimen. They present with hypotension, pallor, and hypothermia. Which drug is most likely the culprit? Prednisone Per current guidelines, at which HgbA1c should a second oral anti-diabetic agent be added if control is not achieved on the first? Hgb A1C of 7.5 A 51-year-old female with T2DM and weight gain concerns asks about a medication option that might help. Which agent is a reasonable choice? Ozempic (semaglutide) A 66-year-old male with gnawing abdominal pain and orthopedic overuse injuries. Which question is most useful to rule out serious GI causes? Have you been taking any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications lately? A 55-year-old with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Which agent helps manage a common side effect of high cell turnover (hyperuricemia)? Allopurinol A 19-year-old with Crohn's on Natalizumab is having a bloody flare. What medication decision is most appropriate? Initiate prednisone and maintain dosing of Natalizumab A 19-year-old female with dysuria, frequency, and UA positive for leukocytes, nitrites, and bacteria. She had C. diff 2 years ago. Best antibiotic choice? Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) A 62-year-old male has tinnitus for one week. Which medication is a potential cause? Aspirin 325 mg daily A patient's persistent acne not responding to standard therapies may use isotretinoin (Accutane). Which unique obligation applies? Adherence to the I-PLEDGE program A 32-year-old with community-acquired pneumonia but otherwise healthy. Which first-line antibiotic is typically prescribed? Amoxicillin The use of benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) is best considered for which type of organism? Gram positive cocci A 16-year-old with unilateral leg swelling likely has a DVT. Which explanation about warfarin therapy is correct? If they find a clot, I will need enoxaparin in addition to warfarin until my INR is over 2.0 Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) works by inhibiting which factor? Factor Xa A 51-year-old female has microcytic anemia from iron deficiency. Which vitamin taken with ferrous sulfate improves absorption? Vitamin C Which of the following is a common cause of provoked DVT? Cancer Treatment of a type I hypersensitivity reaction may include all but which of the following? All of these could be used to treat type 1 hypersensitivity reactions Patients with autoimmune disorders often need a long-term disease modifying therapy. Which med class is used? Monoclonal antibodies A 21-year-old college student with persistent itching and hives but no respiratory compromise. Which medication class is best for symptomatic relief? First-generation antihistamines In a new HIV diagnosis, the patient asks about treatments. Which agents may be used? All of these may be used to manage my disease A 52-year-old with sun-exposed lesions and telangiectasia. Which topical agent might treat such lesions (e.g., actinic keratoses)? Fluorouracil (5-FU) cream Determination of topical corticosteroid potency is largely based on the drug and which variable? Vehicle of delivery (cream, ointment, lotion, etc.) A 19-year-old on Bactrim develops widespread painful erythema like first-degree burns on ~18% BSA. Which disease is likely? Stevens-Johnson syndrome A 24-year-old female has facial flushing that spares the nasal bridge, triggered by foods/exercise, with visible telangiectasias. Which agent is used for chronic treatment? Doxycycline Which class of medications is first-line for PTSD and major depressive disorder? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors A patient newly on amitriptyline for chronic migraines should be warned about which common side effects? Anticholinergic symptoms A patient on haloperidol for 2 days has lip smacking and facial movements. Which diagnosis is likely? Tardive dyskinesia Transitioning between antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, MAOI) too quickly may risk which serious complication? Serotonin syndrome A 41-year-old has back spasms aggravated by poor seating at work. Which agent is appropriate short-term for muscle spasms? Cyclobenzaprine Patients with peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication may benefit from which agent? Cilostazol (Pletal) A severe life-threatening adverse effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) is what? Rhabdomyolysis Which is true of phase 1 of classic migraine management? Patients in phase 1 migraine will benefit from triptan therapy (serotonin agonism) A firm contraindication for combined oral contraceptives is found in which patient? History of migraine with aura Which concept describes how small differences in dose of a drug with a narrow margin can cause severe toxicity? Narrow therapeutic index A patient is switched from HCTZ to a loop diuretic. Which statement is most accurate about electrolyte differences? Both decrease serum K, Mg, Phos, but thiazides increase serum calcium and loops decrease it What effect do NSAIDs have on the kidney's vascular supply? Constriction of the afferent arteriole Which agent dilates the efferent arteriole, thereby reducing creatinine clearance when administered? Valsartan ESRD patients on dialysis with anemia of chronic disease may benefit from erythropoietin. Which level would decrease first if EPO is effective? Ferritin A hypertensive adult on lisinopril should watch for elevation in which potentially life threatening electrolyte? Potassium A 22-year-old with gonorrhea and chlamydia confirmed by DNA probe. Which medication regimen is indicated? Ceftriaxone IM plus Azithromycin PO A 52-year-old in menopause seeking a non-prescription remedy for hot flashes. Which supplement may help? Black cohosh A female patient experienced menarche at age 8. This is considered which of the following? Precocious Puberty