Crime and Delinquency Final Exam| Updated RATED A+
| 2026
Symbolic Interac on
Belief that iden ty is a social construc on. It's constructed through non-verbal communica on.
Labeling Theory
The person become the thing he/she is described as being. Categorizing them as a criminal
develops the crime, hence crime does not begin with the criminal it begins with the labeling.
Edwin Lamert
Labeling Theorist of Primary Deviance and Secondary Deviance.
Primary Deviance
Ini al behavior that triggers the labeling process, and becomes what they are labeled which
then conducts an addi onal theory...
Secondary Deviance
Addi onal criminal behavior results from labeling a criminal.
Drama za on of Evil
...
Frank Tannenbaum
...
Howard Becker
Labeling Theorist of "Master Status"
Master Status
aka, Actuarial Status; "once a criminal, always a criminal" is the actuarial status. For example:
various signs in room, that classmates choose your iden ty not you.
Conflict Model
Society is a compe on of groups; different groups with own values who compete for power
meaning law, at the expense of other groups. No collec ve conscious (shared values)
, Thorsten Sellin
Conflict theorist of culture conflict theory; primary and secondary.
Primary Culture Conflict
Two dis nct cultures come together to oppose the thoughts and morals of another conflict.
Examples: migra on or war
Secondary Culture Conflict
When one culture becomes so large that eventually doesn't have a large culture. No dominant
culture, society is just a group. One culture is so splintered. For example: the USA. **Gender,
poli cal and economic oppression.
Group Conflict
Society is simply organized groups who have compe ng interests. Vold emphasizes on the
poli cal aspect. Criminal behavior tends to be minority behavior. Prison popula on is the
powerless. **Basically crime is poli cal, no collec ve conscious.
George Vold
Conflict theorist of group conflict.
Crime as "minority group" behavior
...
Donald Black
Legal anthropologist who wrote "Behavior of Law"...6 proposi ons.
Upward Law
...
Downward Law
...
Class Struggle
...
Karl Marx
"The history of all hitherto exis ng society is a history of class struggle."
| 2026
Symbolic Interac on
Belief that iden ty is a social construc on. It's constructed through non-verbal communica on.
Labeling Theory
The person become the thing he/she is described as being. Categorizing them as a criminal
develops the crime, hence crime does not begin with the criminal it begins with the labeling.
Edwin Lamert
Labeling Theorist of Primary Deviance and Secondary Deviance.
Primary Deviance
Ini al behavior that triggers the labeling process, and becomes what they are labeled which
then conducts an addi onal theory...
Secondary Deviance
Addi onal criminal behavior results from labeling a criminal.
Drama za on of Evil
...
Frank Tannenbaum
...
Howard Becker
Labeling Theorist of "Master Status"
Master Status
aka, Actuarial Status; "once a criminal, always a criminal" is the actuarial status. For example:
various signs in room, that classmates choose your iden ty not you.
Conflict Model
Society is a compe on of groups; different groups with own values who compete for power
meaning law, at the expense of other groups. No collec ve conscious (shared values)
, Thorsten Sellin
Conflict theorist of culture conflict theory; primary and secondary.
Primary Culture Conflict
Two dis nct cultures come together to oppose the thoughts and morals of another conflict.
Examples: migra on or war
Secondary Culture Conflict
When one culture becomes so large that eventually doesn't have a large culture. No dominant
culture, society is just a group. One culture is so splintered. For example: the USA. **Gender,
poli cal and economic oppression.
Group Conflict
Society is simply organized groups who have compe ng interests. Vold emphasizes on the
poli cal aspect. Criminal behavior tends to be minority behavior. Prison popula on is the
powerless. **Basically crime is poli cal, no collec ve conscious.
George Vold
Conflict theorist of group conflict.
Crime as "minority group" behavior
...
Donald Black
Legal anthropologist who wrote "Behavior of Law"...6 proposi ons.
Upward Law
...
Downward Law
...
Class Struggle
...
Karl Marx
"The history of all hitherto exis ng society is a history of class struggle."
