Compara ve Criminal Jus ce Systems Exam 1|Ques ons
and answers| New 2026
Interna onal crimes
Crimes against the peace and security of mankind
Transna onal crimes
Offenses whose incep on, acts, and impact involve more than one country
Cesare Beccaria
Considered the first criminologist; called for changes in Western European criminal jus ce
including elimina ng torture, the death penalty, and secret trials
Jeremy Bentham and Emile Durkheim
Began conduc ng cross-na onal studies of crime in the 1800's
What happened in the 1960's?
The United Na ons created the first Crime Preven on and Criminal Jus ce Branch and other
interna onal organiza ons began collec ng data on interna onal crime issues. These IOs
included Interpol, the World Health Organiza on, and Interna onal Crime Vic m Surveys (ICVS)
Na onal Ins tute of Jus ce (NIJ)
The research, development, and evalua on agency of the US Department of Jus ce
Why should we compare systems of and issues in criminal jus ce?
To benefit from the experiences of others, to broaden our understanding of different cultures
and approaches to problems, and to help deal with the many transna onal crime problems that
plague our world today
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's country or culture does things right and all other prac ces are wrong
Globaliza on
A term used to describe how the world has become interdependent in terms of events and
ac ons of people and governments around the world
, What has globaliza on led to?
A rise in transna onal and interna onal crime due to the ease of worldwide travel, growth and
speed of internet, the end of the cold war, demise of the Soviet Union, and emergence of China
as a market economy
Independent state
Refers to people who are poli cally organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory.
There are 192 independent states in the world
Sovereign state
An interna onally recognized unit of poli cal authority
Professed values
Proclaimed as values by the par cipants in the system
Underlying values
Not openly proclaimed but nevertheless govern ac ons within the criminal jus ce system
Poli cal culture
Administra on of jus ce is a governmental func on and reflects the poli cal culture of a na on
Poli cized jus ce
Involves perver ng the judicial or criminal jus ce process to achieve par cular poli cal ends,
usually to punish enemies of the regime in power or to deter others from joining those enemies
Risk of crime
Evaluates that probability that certain crimes will occur and their poten al harm
Why measure and compare crime data?
1. Collec ng data about crime allows us to determine the kinds and extent of crimes reported in
any one country and helps us to dis nguish long term pa?erns from year to year trends
2. measuring crime and comparing crime data provides clues as to why some na ons are more
successful than others in controlling crime rates
General Sta s cal Congress in Brussels (1853)
First a?empt to collect data on crime on an interna onal level
Interna onal Congress on the Preven on and Repression of Crime in London
and answers| New 2026
Interna onal crimes
Crimes against the peace and security of mankind
Transna onal crimes
Offenses whose incep on, acts, and impact involve more than one country
Cesare Beccaria
Considered the first criminologist; called for changes in Western European criminal jus ce
including elimina ng torture, the death penalty, and secret trials
Jeremy Bentham and Emile Durkheim
Began conduc ng cross-na onal studies of crime in the 1800's
What happened in the 1960's?
The United Na ons created the first Crime Preven on and Criminal Jus ce Branch and other
interna onal organiza ons began collec ng data on interna onal crime issues. These IOs
included Interpol, the World Health Organiza on, and Interna onal Crime Vic m Surveys (ICVS)
Na onal Ins tute of Jus ce (NIJ)
The research, development, and evalua on agency of the US Department of Jus ce
Why should we compare systems of and issues in criminal jus ce?
To benefit from the experiences of others, to broaden our understanding of different cultures
and approaches to problems, and to help deal with the many transna onal crime problems that
plague our world today
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's country or culture does things right and all other prac ces are wrong
Globaliza on
A term used to describe how the world has become interdependent in terms of events and
ac ons of people and governments around the world
, What has globaliza on led to?
A rise in transna onal and interna onal crime due to the ease of worldwide travel, growth and
speed of internet, the end of the cold war, demise of the Soviet Union, and emergence of China
as a market economy
Independent state
Refers to people who are poli cally organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory.
There are 192 independent states in the world
Sovereign state
An interna onally recognized unit of poli cal authority
Professed values
Proclaimed as values by the par cipants in the system
Underlying values
Not openly proclaimed but nevertheless govern ac ons within the criminal jus ce system
Poli cal culture
Administra on of jus ce is a governmental func on and reflects the poli cal culture of a na on
Poli cized jus ce
Involves perver ng the judicial or criminal jus ce process to achieve par cular poli cal ends,
usually to punish enemies of the regime in power or to deter others from joining those enemies
Risk of crime
Evaluates that probability that certain crimes will occur and their poten al harm
Why measure and compare crime data?
1. Collec ng data about crime allows us to determine the kinds and extent of crimes reported in
any one country and helps us to dis nguish long term pa?erns from year to year trends
2. measuring crime and comparing crime data provides clues as to why some na ons are more
successful than others in controlling crime rates
General Sta s cal Congress in Brussels (1853)
First a?empt to collect data on crime on an interna onal level
Interna onal Congress on the Preven on and Repression of Crime in London
