FOOD AND NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH GUARANTEED CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

What is the number of calories per gram for the three different nutrients - correct answers Carbohydrates - 4 cal/g Fats - 9 cal/g Protein - 4 cal/g What are the female adult serving sizes for the different nutrients in the Canada food guide - correct answers Vegetables and Fruits: 7-8 Grain products: 6-7 Milk and Alternatives: 2 Meat and Alternatives: 2 What are the male adult serving sizes for the different nutrients in the Canada's food guide - correct answers Vegetables and Fruits: 8-10 Grain Products: 6-7 Milk and Alternatives: 2 Meat and alternatives: 3 What other information/recommendations are in the Canada's food guide? - correct answers Advice on meal times and proportions Benefits of being active and eating well Advice on reading food labels What are the ABCVM principles? - correct answers Adequacy: diet providing enough of the essential nutrients Balance: Diet providing foods of a number of different types in proportion to each other Calorie control: Control of energy intake Moderation: Providing constituents within set limits Variety: Providing a wide selection of foods What are the vegetarian alternatives for meat? - other sources of protein - correct answers Tofu, Lentils, Legumes What information is provided on a food label? - correct answers Name of product Name/address of manufacturer, packer or distributor Net contents by weight, measure or count Nutrition Facts panel The ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight What is the function of the pancreas? - correct answers Secretes digestive juices contain enzymes into the small intestine What is the function of the liver? - correct answers Produces bile, which emulsifies fat. Detoxifies chemicals and metabolises drugs What is the function of the stomach? - correct answers physically crushes and mashes food; releases pepsin to digest proteins. Where are fats absorbed? - correct answers small intestine Where are carbohydrates absorbed? - correct answers Firstly in the mouth by amylase . The remainder in the small intestine Where are proteins absorbed? - correct answers Begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine. What are the different enzymes within the process of digestion? - correct answers pepsin - protein lipase -fat amylase & maltase - carbohydrate What are the DRI for carbohydrates, fats and proteins? - correct answers Carbohydrates - 45%-65% Fats - 20-30% Proteins - 10-35% - 0.8g per kg Which nutrient supplies the body with long term energy? - correct answers Fats Which nutrient supplies the body with short term energy? - correct answers Carbohyrdates What is digestion - correct answers the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? - correct answers simple sugars or monosaccharides What are different examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides? - correct answers Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose and galactose Disaccharides: lactose, maltose and sucrose What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fibres? - correct answers Soluble fibres add the gumminess or thickness to foods Insoluble fibres are often tough, stringy or gritty in foods What are examples of soluble fibres - correct answers Oats, oatmeals, legumes, fruits and vegetables What are examples insoluble fibres? - correct answers Wheat bran, Whole grain cereals and breads and many vegetables. How do plants store glucose? - correct answers starch and cellulose How do animals store glucose? - correct answers glycogen What is the DRI for fibre in both men and women? - correct answers Men - 38g/day Women 25g/ day Men 51+ 30g/day Women 51+ 21g/day What does insulin do? - correct answers It makes the liver convert glucose into glycogen. This causes blood glucose levels to decrease. What does glucagon do? - correct answers Stimulates the liver to change glycogen into sugar and secrete it into the blood stream for energy. Where are the hormones insulin and glucagon released? - correct answers The pancreas What are triglycerides made of? - correct answers Glycerol and three fatty acids. What molecules are fats and carbohydrates made of? - correct answers Carbon, Oxygen And Hydrogen What extra molecule is protein made of? - correct answers nitrogen Where are phospholipids found and what are their functions? - correct answers Make up the cell membranes which is critical to a cell's ability to function What are different examples of sterols. - correct answers Cholesterol What are different sources of sterols? - correct answers Fresh salad, nuts, vegetable oil, oranges What are essential fatty acids? - correct answers Fatty acids that must be consumed because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesise them. What are trans fatty acids? - correct answers fatty acids that are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated to make them more solid. They are also called unsaturated fats and are very bad for health What are food sources of trans fatty acids? - correct answers Cakes, biscuits, margarine, microwave popcorn, donuts What should be done if you have a high level of cholesterol in your blood? - correct answers Eat unsaturated fats What are the food sources for proteins and also vegetarian options? - correct answers Lean meat, poultry, fish dairy products, seeds, nuts, beans and soy products like tofu What are complementary proteins? - correct answers two or more dietary proteins whose amino acid assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one are supplied by the other What are examples of complementary proteins? - correct answers Soups that include legumes Salads made with beans or nuts Peanut butter sandwich on whole-grain bread Hummus with whole-wheat pita bread Tofu with brown rice or quinoa What happens if we eat an excess amount of proteins? - correct answers The body doesn't store extra proteins, so they are converted to urea and released in urine. Describe the structure of the different amino acid end curves - correct answers Label different parts of the chain - correct answers What is marasmus? - correct answers Starvation, skinny, calorie deficiency What is kwashiorkor? - correct answers Thin arms and legs, protruding belly. Protein deficiency. Causes the belly to swell What are the different functions of proteins? - correct answers support, enzymes, transport, defense, movement What is a positive protein balance. Give an example of someone who has this - correct answers The intake of nitrogen is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body; a pregnant woman and her child What is a negative protein balance. Give an example of someone. - correct answers The loss of nitrogen is greater than the intake of nitrogen; an astronaut