SPTM Exam 2 – Study Guide, Revision Notes, and Practice Questions for Exam
Preparation
Commerce - ANS ✔✔the exchange of goods and services. Fans are exchanging their resources
for the sport experience
The Meaning of Sport - ANS ✔✔-how an individual is introduced to sport has a lot to do with
how sport impacts their commitment to being a consumer
-often attached to an early age
-building on motivations and factors that drive consumer decision-making prompts effective
marketing, communication, and an enhanced consumer experience
Consumption Factors - ANS ✔✔socialization, involvement, commitment
Socialization - ANS ✔✔-the processes whereby individuals learn skills, traits, values, attitudes,
norms, and knowledge associated with the performance of present or anticipated social roles
Socialization into sport - ANS ✔✔-the social and psychological influences that shape an
individual's initial attraction to sport
-the prevalent attitudes and values within the family or peer group
-ex. raised to think you should only play sport to win, and it is highly competitive
Socialization via sport - ANS ✔✔-the acquisition of attitudes, values, and knowledge as a
consequence of sport involvement
-the prevalent attitudes and values of teams, coaches, and clubs
-ex. you were coached by a coach who is strict and autocratic, you may think this is the best way
,Socialization out of sport - ANS ✔✔-the influences that contribute to an individual discontinuing
his or her sport participation
-the prevalent attitudes and values of family, peers, and sport
-ex. friends or family do not value sport and influence an athlete to leave the sport
Involvement - ANS ✔✔-a blend of the individual's interest in sport and the degree of
importance that sport has on his or her life
-high fan consumer involvement means sport consumes a person's life (season ticket holders,
some fan groups, tattoos)
-similarities to athletes with high involvement
Cognitive involvement - ANS ✔✔-the acquisition of information/knowledge about a sport
-seeking information through media as well as attending seminars or trade shows
-researching statistics of your favorite team
Emotional involvement - ANS ✔✔-the effect a sport event produces in the individual
-attitudes, feelings, and emotions an individual associates to the sport
-a baseball fan breaking down after their team loses
Behavioral involvement - ANS ✔✔-the action one takes in sport, whether as a participant or
spectator
-highly involved individuals tend to feel more deeply about sport and are more likely to devote
more time and money
-following your favorite team to a bowl game
Commitment - ANS ✔✔-the more an individual is involved in sport, the greater the
commitment of the individual
-commitment is the frequency, duration, and intensity of attachment to sport
,-willingness to spend time, money and energy
Identification - ANS ✔✔-the more highly identified the person, the more central that identity
becomes to that individual
-sport identification
-team identification
-high identification
High identification = - ANS ✔✔less price sensitivity, less success sensitivity, loyalty
Motivating factors - ANS ✔✔organizational factors are elements that differentiate one event
from another and influences a participant's motivation to attend an event
How are factors perceived by the attendee? - ANS ✔✔reputation
How well can the organization stage the event? - ANS ✔✔reviews of former
participants/consumers
How can this influence participation choices? - ANS ✔✔word of mouth
Motivating factors for sport participants - ANS ✔✔-organization
-user-friendly
-challenging (but not too challenging - depends on the marketing)
-scenic route/visibly pleasing space
-easy to read signage
-participants want to be treated as serious athletes
-prize money
, -reputation
Environmental and destination factors - ANS ✔✔-an event is hosted can impact an individuals
motivation to attend or participate in the event
-destination attributes could be utilized to created consumer segments to enhance the
effectiveness of destination marketing
-accessibility is key
-environmental needs must be met
-spectator ease of transportation
-topography - easy or difficult course?
-timing of the event
Social factors - ANS ✔✔-sense of belonging, or membership, to a wider social group
-traditional demographic groups
-sport has to power to break those walls
-social world of the sport overpowers other social roles
-community promotion at events can drive social acceptance
-social interaction is an intrinsic factor that drives a person to an event
Competitive factors - ANS ✔✔-the factors that motivate a person to enter into a rivalry or event
in order to measure ability in relation to another person or standard
-motivation is linked to ability to challenge one's self
-facility owners, in turn, have had to enhance courses, slopes, and courts to provide consumers
quality and challenge
-mastery factors
Mastery factors - ANS ✔✔-a factor relating to the skill, learning, and personal challenge of
participating in sport
Preparation
Commerce - ANS ✔✔the exchange of goods and services. Fans are exchanging their resources
for the sport experience
The Meaning of Sport - ANS ✔✔-how an individual is introduced to sport has a lot to do with
how sport impacts their commitment to being a consumer
-often attached to an early age
-building on motivations and factors that drive consumer decision-making prompts effective
marketing, communication, and an enhanced consumer experience
Consumption Factors - ANS ✔✔socialization, involvement, commitment
Socialization - ANS ✔✔-the processes whereby individuals learn skills, traits, values, attitudes,
norms, and knowledge associated with the performance of present or anticipated social roles
Socialization into sport - ANS ✔✔-the social and psychological influences that shape an
individual's initial attraction to sport
-the prevalent attitudes and values within the family or peer group
-ex. raised to think you should only play sport to win, and it is highly competitive
Socialization via sport - ANS ✔✔-the acquisition of attitudes, values, and knowledge as a
consequence of sport involvement
-the prevalent attitudes and values of teams, coaches, and clubs
-ex. you were coached by a coach who is strict and autocratic, you may think this is the best way
,Socialization out of sport - ANS ✔✔-the influences that contribute to an individual discontinuing
his or her sport participation
-the prevalent attitudes and values of family, peers, and sport
-ex. friends or family do not value sport and influence an athlete to leave the sport
Involvement - ANS ✔✔-a blend of the individual's interest in sport and the degree of
importance that sport has on his or her life
-high fan consumer involvement means sport consumes a person's life (season ticket holders,
some fan groups, tattoos)
-similarities to athletes with high involvement
Cognitive involvement - ANS ✔✔-the acquisition of information/knowledge about a sport
-seeking information through media as well as attending seminars or trade shows
-researching statistics of your favorite team
Emotional involvement - ANS ✔✔-the effect a sport event produces in the individual
-attitudes, feelings, and emotions an individual associates to the sport
-a baseball fan breaking down after their team loses
Behavioral involvement - ANS ✔✔-the action one takes in sport, whether as a participant or
spectator
-highly involved individuals tend to feel more deeply about sport and are more likely to devote
more time and money
-following your favorite team to a bowl game
Commitment - ANS ✔✔-the more an individual is involved in sport, the greater the
commitment of the individual
-commitment is the frequency, duration, and intensity of attachment to sport
,-willingness to spend time, money and energy
Identification - ANS ✔✔-the more highly identified the person, the more central that identity
becomes to that individual
-sport identification
-team identification
-high identification
High identification = - ANS ✔✔less price sensitivity, less success sensitivity, loyalty
Motivating factors - ANS ✔✔organizational factors are elements that differentiate one event
from another and influences a participant's motivation to attend an event
How are factors perceived by the attendee? - ANS ✔✔reputation
How well can the organization stage the event? - ANS ✔✔reviews of former
participants/consumers
How can this influence participation choices? - ANS ✔✔word of mouth
Motivating factors for sport participants - ANS ✔✔-organization
-user-friendly
-challenging (but not too challenging - depends on the marketing)
-scenic route/visibly pleasing space
-easy to read signage
-participants want to be treated as serious athletes
-prize money
, -reputation
Environmental and destination factors - ANS ✔✔-an event is hosted can impact an individuals
motivation to attend or participate in the event
-destination attributes could be utilized to created consumer segments to enhance the
effectiveness of destination marketing
-accessibility is key
-environmental needs must be met
-spectator ease of transportation
-topography - easy or difficult course?
-timing of the event
Social factors - ANS ✔✔-sense of belonging, or membership, to a wider social group
-traditional demographic groups
-sport has to power to break those walls
-social world of the sport overpowers other social roles
-community promotion at events can drive social acceptance
-social interaction is an intrinsic factor that drives a person to an event
Competitive factors - ANS ✔✔-the factors that motivate a person to enter into a rivalry or event
in order to measure ability in relation to another person or standard
-motivation is linked to ability to challenge one's self
-facility owners, in turn, have had to enhance courses, slopes, and courts to provide consumers
quality and challenge
-mastery factors
Mastery factors - ANS ✔✔-a factor relating to the skill, learning, and personal challenge of
participating in sport
