Bio 253 final exam questions and answers
2026\2027 A+ Grade
Organelles are,
Organs of the Urinary system
- correct answer kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein,
ureter, nephron
- correct answer
functional unit of the kidney
- correct answer nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron?
- correct answer Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of?
- correct answer capillaries
,Function of a nephron
- correct answer filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types
- correct answer juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons
- correct answer -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons
- correct answer -85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney?
- correct answer 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration
- correct answer hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
- correct answer filtrate
What is filtrate?
- correct answer mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
, -similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
- correct answer Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the
ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
- correct answer @ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop?
- correct answer Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from
the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion
- correct answer -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting
ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function
- correct answer directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function
- correct answer -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
2026\2027 A+ Grade
Organelles are,
Organs of the Urinary system
- correct answer kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein,
ureter, nephron
- correct answer
functional unit of the kidney
- correct answer nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron?
- correct answer Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of?
- correct answer capillaries
,Function of a nephron
- correct answer filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types
- correct answer juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons
- correct answer -Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons
- correct answer -85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney?
- correct answer 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration
- correct answer hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus?
- correct answer filtrate
What is filtrate?
- correct answer mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
, -similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop
- correct answer Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the
ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop?
- correct answer @ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop?
- correct answer Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from
the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion
- correct answer -selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting
ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function
- correct answer directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function
- correct answer -decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood
