SPTM 416 International Sport Management – Study Guide, Lecture Notes, and Exam
Preparation Material
Globalization - correct answer ✔✔A series of diverse, fluid, and unpredictable global flows that
include movement of capital, technology, people, and mediated images.
Why do wee see globalization in sport? - correct answer ✔✔1. Plateaued markets in home
economies
2. Connectivity --> makes it easier for people to communicate across countries
3. Easiness (The World is Flat)
The World is Flat - correct answer ✔✔A book written by Friedman which metaphor for viewing
the world as a level playing field in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an equal
opportunity. It alludes to the perceptual shift required for countries, companies, and individuals
to remain competitive in a global market where historical and geographical divisions are
becoming increasingly irrelevant.
Stages of Globalization - correct answer ✔✔1. (1492-1800) World went from large to medium-
size. All about countries and muscles. Key agents of change: brawn and horsepower.
2. (1800-2000) * World has shrunk from medium to small-size * Key agent of change:
multinational companies * First half: global integration powered by falling transportation costs
(steam engine and railroad) *Second half: global integration powered by falling
telecommunications costs (telephone, PC, satellites, fiber-optic cable)
3. (2000-Now) World is now tiny (everyone is everyone else's close neighbor). *Competitive
playing field is being leveled. *Key agent of change: software, in conjunction with the global
fiber-optic network *Enabling people to collaborate and compete globally.
Cultural Imperialistic View - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization represented by
ideas of Westernization instead of globalization, homogeneity(too much uniformity), a
destroying of local cultures.
, Marxist View?? - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization highlighting how markets
to sell products and markets to get resources are using cheap skilled labor.
Dependency View - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization that says their are
unequal trading partners in globalization (rich get richer/ poor get poorer), skilled labor is drawn
away from lower partner to higher partner but the lower still needs the higher.
Impact of Isolation on Globalization - correct answer ✔✔Western Europe can connect a lot
more easily than say Japan, South Africa, or even the U.S. because they are not isolated from
one another. England for example is isolated by land and also has isolated ideas from the rest of
Europe.
Culture - correct answer ✔✔Is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the
members of one group or category of people from others. It consists of commonly experienced
language, ideological beliefs (religion & political beliefs, ethnic heritage, and history).
Power Distance - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions that looks at
the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is
distributed unequally.
Individualism - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions individuals are
expected to take care of only themselves and their immediate families. The opposite would be
Collectivism (basic question, I or We?)
Masculinity - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions in which the
preference in society leans towards achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards
for success. Society at large is more competitive.
Uncertainty Avoidance - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions that
expresses the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty
and ambiguity. How to countries deal with not being able to predict the future.
Preparation Material
Globalization - correct answer ✔✔A series of diverse, fluid, and unpredictable global flows that
include movement of capital, technology, people, and mediated images.
Why do wee see globalization in sport? - correct answer ✔✔1. Plateaued markets in home
economies
2. Connectivity --> makes it easier for people to communicate across countries
3. Easiness (The World is Flat)
The World is Flat - correct answer ✔✔A book written by Friedman which metaphor for viewing
the world as a level playing field in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an equal
opportunity. It alludes to the perceptual shift required for countries, companies, and individuals
to remain competitive in a global market where historical and geographical divisions are
becoming increasingly irrelevant.
Stages of Globalization - correct answer ✔✔1. (1492-1800) World went from large to medium-
size. All about countries and muscles. Key agents of change: brawn and horsepower.
2. (1800-2000) * World has shrunk from medium to small-size * Key agent of change:
multinational companies * First half: global integration powered by falling transportation costs
(steam engine and railroad) *Second half: global integration powered by falling
telecommunications costs (telephone, PC, satellites, fiber-optic cable)
3. (2000-Now) World is now tiny (everyone is everyone else's close neighbor). *Competitive
playing field is being leveled. *Key agent of change: software, in conjunction with the global
fiber-optic network *Enabling people to collaborate and compete globally.
Cultural Imperialistic View - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization represented by
ideas of Westernization instead of globalization, homogeneity(too much uniformity), a
destroying of local cultures.
, Marxist View?? - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization highlighting how markets
to sell products and markets to get resources are using cheap skilled labor.
Dependency View - correct answer ✔✔A negative view of globalization that says their are
unequal trading partners in globalization (rich get richer/ poor get poorer), skilled labor is drawn
away from lower partner to higher partner but the lower still needs the higher.
Impact of Isolation on Globalization - correct answer ✔✔Western Europe can connect a lot
more easily than say Japan, South Africa, or even the U.S. because they are not isolated from
one another. England for example is isolated by land and also has isolated ideas from the rest of
Europe.
Culture - correct answer ✔✔Is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the
members of one group or category of people from others. It consists of commonly experienced
language, ideological beliefs (religion & political beliefs, ethnic heritage, and history).
Power Distance - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions that looks at
the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is
distributed unequally.
Individualism - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions individuals are
expected to take care of only themselves and their immediate families. The opposite would be
Collectivism (basic question, I or We?)
Masculinity - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions in which the
preference in society leans towards achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards
for success. Society at large is more competitive.
Uncertainty Avoidance - correct answer ✔✔A variable of Hofstede's cultural dimensions that
expresses the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty
and ambiguity. How to countries deal with not being able to predict the future.
