SPTM 419 – Study Guide, Lecture Notes, and Exam Preparation Material
Moral Values - ANS ✔✔The relative worth placed on some virtuous behavior that are internal,
subjective and immeasurable.
E.g. Honesty, loyalty, perseverance, wisdom
Non-moral values - ANS ✔✔The relative worth placed on extrinsic gains.
Values that make reference to usefulness, utility, extrinsic and contributory.
Eg. Money, fame, prestige, relationships
Kohlberg stages of moral development - ANS ✔✔Level 1- Pre-conventional morality
Level 2- Conventional Morality
Level 3- Post-conventional morality
Mismanagement - ANS ✔✔Not following professionally accepted standards, procedures,
policies or rules of conduct.
Determinism - ANS ✔✔Predisposed to act a way
No success no failure
Free Will - ANS ✔✔Freedom to choose
Ownership of our decisions
Guidelines for Making Moral Decisions - ANS ✔✔Establish a Moral Point of View based on
Moral Values
Develop Guides from the Point of View
Specify Ends Consistent with The Moral Point of View
, Guilt
Code of Ethics - ANS ✔✔A set of explicit moral guidelines that can facilitate a means by which
people/professionals can monitor their own behavior.
Code of ethics forms (3 kinds) - ANS ✔✔Individual, organizational, professional
egoism - ANS ✔✔Acting in self interest. "What's in it for me?
Even when acting unselfishly, there is a self-centered motive.
Ethical Egoism - ANS ✔✔People should act in self interest
One's only duty is to advance one's own interest.
Look after self and everyone is better off.
Discourages people from depending on others.
Psychological Egoism - ANS ✔✔Human nature to act in self interest
Teleological ethics - ANS ✔✔theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what
is good or desirable as an end to be achieved
ends justify the means
Utilitarian - ANS ✔✔Bringing the greatest good to the greatest numbers
normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes
(consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies. As such, it moves
beyond the scope of one's own interests and takes into account the interests of others.
Consequentialism - ANS ✔✔The rightness of an action is determined by consequences.
Moral Values - ANS ✔✔The relative worth placed on some virtuous behavior that are internal,
subjective and immeasurable.
E.g. Honesty, loyalty, perseverance, wisdom
Non-moral values - ANS ✔✔The relative worth placed on extrinsic gains.
Values that make reference to usefulness, utility, extrinsic and contributory.
Eg. Money, fame, prestige, relationships
Kohlberg stages of moral development - ANS ✔✔Level 1- Pre-conventional morality
Level 2- Conventional Morality
Level 3- Post-conventional morality
Mismanagement - ANS ✔✔Not following professionally accepted standards, procedures,
policies or rules of conduct.
Determinism - ANS ✔✔Predisposed to act a way
No success no failure
Free Will - ANS ✔✔Freedom to choose
Ownership of our decisions
Guidelines for Making Moral Decisions - ANS ✔✔Establish a Moral Point of View based on
Moral Values
Develop Guides from the Point of View
Specify Ends Consistent with The Moral Point of View
, Guilt
Code of Ethics - ANS ✔✔A set of explicit moral guidelines that can facilitate a means by which
people/professionals can monitor their own behavior.
Code of ethics forms (3 kinds) - ANS ✔✔Individual, organizational, professional
egoism - ANS ✔✔Acting in self interest. "What's in it for me?
Even when acting unselfishly, there is a self-centered motive.
Ethical Egoism - ANS ✔✔People should act in self interest
One's only duty is to advance one's own interest.
Look after self and everyone is better off.
Discourages people from depending on others.
Psychological Egoism - ANS ✔✔Human nature to act in self interest
Teleological ethics - ANS ✔✔theory of morality that derives duty or moral obligation from what
is good or desirable as an end to be achieved
ends justify the means
Utilitarian - ANS ✔✔Bringing the greatest good to the greatest numbers
normative ethical theory that places the locus of right and wrong solely on the outcomes
(consequences) of choosing one action/policy over other actions/policies. As such, it moves
beyond the scope of one's own interests and takes into account the interests of others.
Consequentialism - ANS ✔✔The rightness of an action is determined by consequences.
