PSYC 1111 1.0 Introducing Psychology
Exam Questions and Answers
Define Psychology - ANS-Psychologyis the scientific study of mind and behaviour.
What are different setting that psychologist work on? - ANS-. While clinical
psychologists diagnose and treat mental health difficulties and disorders, psychologists
also teach and do research a t universities and colleges, and work in organizations,
schools, forensic settings, and more. M ost psychologists have a doctorate degree (P
hD or PsyD) as well as a master's degree (MA or MSc) and bachelor's degree (BA or
BSc).
What is psychology, as a discipline, governed by? - ANS-Psychology as a discipline is
governed b y adherence to the scientific method.
What is it that psychology is built upon that distinguishs it from pop psychology or
pseudosciense? - ANS-Psychology as a discipline is governed b y adherence to the
scientific method. Psychology is built upon empirical evidence, and this distinguishes it
fr om pop psychology or pseudoscience, which may sound scientific but lacks evidence
and depends more on belief, intuition, and common sense.
Despite the differences in their interests, areas o f study, and approaches, all
psychologists have one thing in common: What is it? - ANS-they r ely on scientific
methods
What is the difference between research psychologists and psychologist-practitioners?
What are some example of psychologsit-practicioners? - ANS-Research psychologists
use scientific methods to create ne w knowledge about the causes of behaviour,
whereas psychologist-practitioners, such as clinical, counseling, industrial-
organizational, and school psychologists, use existing research to enhance the
everyday life of others.
The science of psychology is important for both researchers and practitioners.
What is psychology concerned with? - ANS-Of all of the sciences, psychology is
probably the one that most non-scientists feel they know the most about. Because
psychology is concerned with people and why they do what they do, we are all "intuitive'
or " naive" psychologists
What is the problem with relying on intuition? - ANS-The problem with the way people
collect and interpret data in their everyday lives is that they are not always particularly
, thorough or accurate. Often, when one explanation for an event seems right, we adopt
that explanation as the truth even when other explanations are possible and potentially
more accurate. Furthermore, we fall victim to confirmation bias
What is confirmation bias?
cue words
accuracy confirm beliefs evidence seek - ANS-we fall victim to confirmation bias; that
is, we tend to seek information that confirms our beliefs regardless of the accuracy of
those beliefs and discount any evidence to the contrary.
Psychologists have found a variety of cognitive and motivational biases that frequently
influence our perceptions and lead us to draw erroneous conclusions (Fiske & Taylor,
200 7; H see & Hastie, 2006; Kahneman, 2011).
What is the cause and effect of faulty thinking? - ANS-accepting explanations without
empirical evidence may lead us to faulty thinking and erroneous conclusions. Our faulty
thinking is not limited to the present; it also occurs when we try to make sense of the
past.
What is hindsight bias? - ANS-Our faulty thinking is not limited to the present; it also
occurs when we tr y to make sense of the past. We ha ve a tendency to tell ourselves "I
knew it all along" when making sense of past events; this is known as hindsight bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
I knew it all along phenomenon
Inclination to see an event as predictable after it has already happened
What is one of the goals of psychology education? - ANS-one of the goals of psy
chology education is to make pe ople become better thinkers, better c onsumers of ide
as, and better a t understanding how our own biases get in the way of true knowledge.
What are the 3 processes included in empirical methods? - ANS-Empirical methods
include the processes of collecting and organizing data and drawing conclusions about
those data.
Fill the gap
We can label the scientific method as the -,-,-, that - use to --- - ANS-W e c an label the
scientific methodas the set o f assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to
conduct empirical research
True or false
Exam Questions and Answers
Define Psychology - ANS-Psychologyis the scientific study of mind and behaviour.
What are different setting that psychologist work on? - ANS-. While clinical
psychologists diagnose and treat mental health difficulties and disorders, psychologists
also teach and do research a t universities and colleges, and work in organizations,
schools, forensic settings, and more. M ost psychologists have a doctorate degree (P
hD or PsyD) as well as a master's degree (MA or MSc) and bachelor's degree (BA or
BSc).
What is psychology, as a discipline, governed by? - ANS-Psychology as a discipline is
governed b y adherence to the scientific method.
What is it that psychology is built upon that distinguishs it from pop psychology or
pseudosciense? - ANS-Psychology as a discipline is governed b y adherence to the
scientific method. Psychology is built upon empirical evidence, and this distinguishes it
fr om pop psychology or pseudoscience, which may sound scientific but lacks evidence
and depends more on belief, intuition, and common sense.
Despite the differences in their interests, areas o f study, and approaches, all
psychologists have one thing in common: What is it? - ANS-they r ely on scientific
methods
What is the difference between research psychologists and psychologist-practitioners?
What are some example of psychologsit-practicioners? - ANS-Research psychologists
use scientific methods to create ne w knowledge about the causes of behaviour,
whereas psychologist-practitioners, such as clinical, counseling, industrial-
organizational, and school psychologists, use existing research to enhance the
everyday life of others.
The science of psychology is important for both researchers and practitioners.
What is psychology concerned with? - ANS-Of all of the sciences, psychology is
probably the one that most non-scientists feel they know the most about. Because
psychology is concerned with people and why they do what they do, we are all "intuitive'
or " naive" psychologists
What is the problem with relying on intuition? - ANS-The problem with the way people
collect and interpret data in their everyday lives is that they are not always particularly
, thorough or accurate. Often, when one explanation for an event seems right, we adopt
that explanation as the truth even when other explanations are possible and potentially
more accurate. Furthermore, we fall victim to confirmation bias
What is confirmation bias?
cue words
accuracy confirm beliefs evidence seek - ANS-we fall victim to confirmation bias; that
is, we tend to seek information that confirms our beliefs regardless of the accuracy of
those beliefs and discount any evidence to the contrary.
Psychologists have found a variety of cognitive and motivational biases that frequently
influence our perceptions and lead us to draw erroneous conclusions (Fiske & Taylor,
200 7; H see & Hastie, 2006; Kahneman, 2011).
What is the cause and effect of faulty thinking? - ANS-accepting explanations without
empirical evidence may lead us to faulty thinking and erroneous conclusions. Our faulty
thinking is not limited to the present; it also occurs when we try to make sense of the
past.
What is hindsight bias? - ANS-Our faulty thinking is not limited to the present; it also
occurs when we tr y to make sense of the past. We ha ve a tendency to tell ourselves "I
knew it all along" when making sense of past events; this is known as hindsight bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
I knew it all along phenomenon
Inclination to see an event as predictable after it has already happened
What is one of the goals of psychology education? - ANS-one of the goals of psy
chology education is to make pe ople become better thinkers, better c onsumers of ide
as, and better a t understanding how our own biases get in the way of true knowledge.
What are the 3 processes included in empirical methods? - ANS-Empirical methods
include the processes of collecting and organizing data and drawing conclusions about
those data.
Fill the gap
We can label the scientific method as the -,-,-, that - use to --- - ANS-W e c an label the
scientific methodas the set o f assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to
conduct empirical research
True or false
