NR 224 Final Exam Fundamentals of Nursing
Chamberlain 2026/2027 Test Bank with
Verified Answers and Detailed Rationales
Question 1
What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium
difficile (C. Difficile)?
• A. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer
• B. Hand hygiene with soap and water
• C. Wearing gloves only
• D. Wearing a mask
Correct Answer: B. Hand hygiene with soap and water
Rationale:
1. Soap and water physically remove C. difficile spores from hands.
2. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective against C. diff spores.
3. The source indicates B is correct.
4. This is a critical infection control measure for C. diff.
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Question 2
What is the term for the [abnormal] method used to assist in stool passage by
exerting pressure to expel fecal matter through voluntary contraction of the
abdominal muscles while maintaining a forced expiration against a closed
airway?
• A. Crede maneuver
• B. Valsalva maneuver
• C. Heimlich maneuver
• D. Trendelenburg maneuver
Correct Answer: B. Valsalva maneuver
Rationale:
1. The Valsalva maneuver involves forced expiration against a closed
airway.
2. It increases intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure.
3. The source indicates B is correct.
4. This maneuver can be dangerous for certain patients.
Question 3
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Which patients are at greatest risk for cardiac dysrhythmia and high blood
pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and MUST avoid straining to pass stool?
(Select all that apply.)
• A. Patients with cardiovascular disease
• B. Patients with glaucoma
• C. Patients with increased intracranial pressure
• D. Patients with a new surgical wound
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale:
1. Cardiovascular disease patients risk dysrhythmias (A).
2. Glaucoma patients risk increased intraocular pressure (B).
3. Increased ICP patients risk further pressure elevation (C).
4. New surgical wound patients risk wound dehiscence (D).
5. The source indicates all are at risk.
Question 4
What is the term for a collection of hardened feces in the rectum that cannot
be expelled due to unrelieved constipation?
• A. Fecal impaction
• B. Fecal incontinence
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• C. Constipation
• D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A. Fecal impaction
Rationale:
1. Fecal impaction is hardened stool that cannot be expelled.
2. It results from unrelieved constipation.
3. The source indicates A is correct.
4. Digital removal may be required.
Question 5
Where does fecal impaction occur in the colon?
• A. Ascending colon
• B. Transverse colon
• C. Descending colon
• D. Rectum
Correct Answer: D. Rectum
Rationale:
1. Fecal impaction occurs in the rectum.
2. The source indicates D is correct.
3. Hardened stool accumulates in the rectal vault.