Exam Preparation
Generalized Measurement System - ANS ✔✔The measurement system senses the measurand
anr assigns it a unique numerical value which describes the system
3 elements of a measurement system - ANS ✔✔1. Sensing element
2. Signal Modification System
3. Indicator/ recorder
Measureand - ANS ✔✔quantity being measured
Sensing element/ Sensor - ANS ✔✔a physical element that uses some natural phenomena to
sense the variable being measured
expansion of mercury in a thermometer - ANS ✔✔Mechanical Sensor
Dissimilar expansion of two different metals composing 2 sides of a metal strip in a thermostat -
ANS ✔✔Mechanical sensor
Melting of ice/ Mercury - ANS ✔✔Phase change sensor
Variation of electrical resistance due to heat - ANS ✔✔Electrical property sensor
Thermoelectric/ Seebeck effect - ANS ✔✔Electrical Properties sensor. When 2 dissimilar
concocted have a temperature difference, it produces a voltage difference between then and
, heat sensitive (thermochromic) liquid crystals - ANS ✔✔Optical property sensor that changes
colour depending on heat
Infrared sensor - ANS ✔✔Thermal radiation sensor
Strength of a spring - ANS ✔✔mechanical sensor
Transducer - ANS ✔✔Concerts sensed information into a form of signal. can be electrical
mechanical or other
Main tasks of a signal modification system - ANS ✔✔Amplification
Filtering
Modification
Signal Amplification - ANS ✔✔Increases magnitude of signal
Filtering - ANS ✔✔Remove unwanted properties from the signal
Modification - ANS ✔✔modifies signal into useable form
Indicator and recorder - ANS ✔✔Provides an indication of the value of the measurement
Types of indicators - ANS ✔✔indicator (device with read out)
Marked Scale
a recorder
Bourbon tube pressure gage - ANS ✔✔-bourbon tube = sensor