Comprehensive Gram-Negative Bacteria, Immunity, and Microbial Control
1. Which component of the Gram-negative cell wall is a potent endotoxin that can trigger
fever and shock?: Lipid A (LPS)
2. What is the purpose of the Type III Secretion System in Gram-negative bacteria?:
Inject virulence factors directly into host cells
3. Which Gram-negative rod produces a blue-green pigment (pyocyanin) and is a major
threat to burn victims?: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4. What organism is the causative agent of Whooping Cough?: Bordetella pertussis
5. What causes the characteristic 'whoop' in the paroxysmal stage of Pertus- sis?: Mucus
buildup and violent coughing to clear the airway
6. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with undercooked poultry and is a
leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis?: Campylobacter jejuni
7. Which organism uses the enzyme urease to survive the acidic environment of the
stomach and cause ulcers?: Helicobacter pylori
8. Which Gram-negative family is characterized as being oxidase-negative and able to
ferment glucose?: Enterobacteriaceae
9. What does the 'O' antigen in Enterobacteriaceae refer to?: Somatic/Cell Wall (LPS)
10. Which strain of E. coli is notorious for causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?:
E. coli O157:H7
11. Which coliform bacterium produces mucoid colonies and causes 'currant jelly'
sputum in pneumonia patients?: Klebsiella pneumoniae
12. What is the hallmark characteristic of Proteus mirabilis on an agar plate?: -
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, Swarming motility
13. Which 'Truly Pathogenic' enteric causes Typhoid Fever?: Salmonella typhi
14. Where does Salmonella typhi often persist in asymptomatic chronic carri- ers?:
Gallbladder
15. Which pathogen causes bacillary dysentery and moves cell-to-cell using 'actin
tails'?: Shigella
16. What organism is the causative agent of the Plague?: Yersinia pestis
17. What are Buboes?: Swollen, painful lymph nodes associated with the plague
18. Which small Gram-negative rod requires both X-factor (heme) and V-factor (NAD)
for growth?: Haemophilus influenzae
19. Haemophilus ducreyi causes which sexually transmitted infection?: Chancroid
20. Which bacterium causes Cat-scratch disease?: Bartonella henselae
21. What are the symptoms of inflammation?: Redness, heat, swelling, pain
22. What does 'diapedesis' refer to?: Phagocytes squeezing through blood vessel walls into tissues
23. What part of the brain do pyrogens signal to induce fever?: Hypothalamus
24. Which enzyme acts on the cell wall causing lysis?: Lysozyme
25. What organism is the primary causative agent of 'Rabbit Fever'?: Francisella
tularensis
26. How is Brucella typically transmitted to humans?: Consumption of unpasteurized dairy or contact
with animal placenta
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1. Which component of the Gram-negative cell wall is a potent endotoxin that can trigger
fever and shock?: Lipid A (LPS)
2. What is the purpose of the Type III Secretion System in Gram-negative bacteria?:
Inject virulence factors directly into host cells
3. Which Gram-negative rod produces a blue-green pigment (pyocyanin) and is a major
threat to burn victims?: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4. What organism is the causative agent of Whooping Cough?: Bordetella pertussis
5. What causes the characteristic 'whoop' in the paroxysmal stage of Pertus- sis?: Mucus
buildup and violent coughing to clear the airway
6. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with undercooked poultry and is a
leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis?: Campylobacter jejuni
7. Which organism uses the enzyme urease to survive the acidic environment of the
stomach and cause ulcers?: Helicobacter pylori
8. Which Gram-negative family is characterized as being oxidase-negative and able to
ferment glucose?: Enterobacteriaceae
9. What does the 'O' antigen in Enterobacteriaceae refer to?: Somatic/Cell Wall (LPS)
10. Which strain of E. coli is notorious for causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?:
E. coli O157:H7
11. Which coliform bacterium produces mucoid colonies and causes 'currant jelly'
sputum in pneumonia patients?: Klebsiella pneumoniae
12. What is the hallmark characteristic of Proteus mirabilis on an agar plate?: -
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10
, Swarming motility
13. Which 'Truly Pathogenic' enteric causes Typhoid Fever?: Salmonella typhi
14. Where does Salmonella typhi often persist in asymptomatic chronic carri- ers?:
Gallbladder
15. Which pathogen causes bacillary dysentery and moves cell-to-cell using 'actin
tails'?: Shigella
16. What organism is the causative agent of the Plague?: Yersinia pestis
17. What are Buboes?: Swollen, painful lymph nodes associated with the plague
18. Which small Gram-negative rod requires both X-factor (heme) and V-factor (NAD)
for growth?: Haemophilus influenzae
19. Haemophilus ducreyi causes which sexually transmitted infection?: Chancroid
20. Which bacterium causes Cat-scratch disease?: Bartonella henselae
21. What are the symptoms of inflammation?: Redness, heat, swelling, pain
22. What does 'diapedesis' refer to?: Phagocytes squeezing through blood vessel walls into tissues
23. What part of the brain do pyrogens signal to induce fever?: Hypothalamus
24. Which enzyme acts on the cell wall causing lysis?: Lysozyme
25. What organism is the primary causative agent of 'Rabbit Fever'?: Francisella
tularensis
26. How is Brucella typically transmitted to humans?: Consumption of unpasteurized dairy or contact
with animal placenta
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