NR 328 Pediatric Nursing Week 4 Study Guide 2026 |Chamberlain
College
1. A nurse is assessing a child with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following
findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
A. Drooling and agitation
B. Barking cough
C. Low-grade fever
D. Dry mucous membranes
Answer: A
Rationale: Drooling, agitation, and a ‘tripod’ position are classic signs of epiglottitis, which
is a medical emergency due to potential airway obstruction.
2. A 2-year-old is admitted with Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup). Which
intervention is most appropriate for a child experiencing mild respiratory
distress?
A. Providing cool mist humidification
B. Administration of oral antibiotics
C. Performing chest physiotherapy
D. Immediate endotracheal intubation
Answer: A
Rationale: Cool mist humidification helps reduce subglottic edema and is a standard
treatment for mild to moderate croup.
,3. When teaching parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), which dietary
modification should the nurse emphasize?
A. Low-protein, low-fat diet
B. Restricted fluid intake
C. High-calorie, high-protein diet
D. Sodium-restricted diet
Answer: C
Rationale: Children with CF require a high-calorie, high-protein diet to compensate for
malabsorption and increased metabolic needs.
4. A nurse is caring for an infant with Pyloric Stenosis. Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Bile-stained emesis
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding is the hallmark sign of
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
5. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Sweat chloride test
C. Sputum culture
D. Stool for fat content
Answer: B
Rationale: The sweat chloride test is the primary diagnostic tool for CF; a chloride level
greater than 60 mEq/L is diagnostic.
, 6. A child with Intussusception is being prepared for a non-surgical reduction.
Which procedure is commonly used for this?
A. Upper GI series
B. Gastric lavage
C. Manual reduction under sedation
D. Air or saline enema
Answer: D
Rationale: An air or hydrostatic (saline) enema is often used to ‘un-telescope’ the bowel in
cases of intussusception.
7. Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory distress in a pediatric
patient?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Cyanosis
C. Tachycardia
D. Intercostal retractions
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis is a late sign of respiratory failure, indicating that compensatory
mechanisms have failed.
8. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a child who just had a
tonsillectomy. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the parents to
report?
A. Halitosis (bad breath)
B. Low-grade fever of 99.5 F
C. Frequent swallowing
D. Refusal to eat solid foods
Answer: C
College
1. A nurse is assessing a child with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following
findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
A. Drooling and agitation
B. Barking cough
C. Low-grade fever
D. Dry mucous membranes
Answer: A
Rationale: Drooling, agitation, and a ‘tripod’ position are classic signs of epiglottitis, which
is a medical emergency due to potential airway obstruction.
2. A 2-year-old is admitted with Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup). Which
intervention is most appropriate for a child experiencing mild respiratory
distress?
A. Providing cool mist humidification
B. Administration of oral antibiotics
C. Performing chest physiotherapy
D. Immediate endotracheal intubation
Answer: A
Rationale: Cool mist humidification helps reduce subglottic edema and is a standard
treatment for mild to moderate croup.
,3. When teaching parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), which dietary
modification should the nurse emphasize?
A. Low-protein, low-fat diet
B. Restricted fluid intake
C. High-calorie, high-protein diet
D. Sodium-restricted diet
Answer: C
Rationale: Children with CF require a high-calorie, high-protein diet to compensate for
malabsorption and increased metabolic needs.
4. A nurse is caring for an infant with Pyloric Stenosis. Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Bile-stained emesis
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding is the hallmark sign of
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
5. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Cystic Fibrosis?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Sweat chloride test
C. Sputum culture
D. Stool for fat content
Answer: B
Rationale: The sweat chloride test is the primary diagnostic tool for CF; a chloride level
greater than 60 mEq/L is diagnostic.
, 6. A child with Intussusception is being prepared for a non-surgical reduction.
Which procedure is commonly used for this?
A. Upper GI series
B. Gastric lavage
C. Manual reduction under sedation
D. Air or saline enema
Answer: D
Rationale: An air or hydrostatic (saline) enema is often used to ‘un-telescope’ the bowel in
cases of intussusception.
7. Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory distress in a pediatric
patient?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Cyanosis
C. Tachycardia
D. Intercostal retractions
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis is a late sign of respiratory failure, indicating that compensatory
mechanisms have failed.
8. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a child who just had a
tonsillectomy. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the parents to
report?
A. Halitosis (bad breath)
B. Low-grade fever of 99.5 F
C. Frequent swallowing
D. Refusal to eat solid foods
Answer: C
