NR 328 Pediatric Nursing Week 9 Comprehensive Review 2026
|Chamberlain College
1. A 4-year-old child with epiglottitis is brought to the emergency department.
Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Perform a throat culture to identify the organism.
B. Obtain a radial pulse oximetry reading immediately.
C. Maintain the child in an upright position and keep them calm.
D. Administer oral antibiotics as ordered.
Answer: C
Rationale: In epiglottitis, maintaining an airway is the priority. Keeping the child calm and
in an upright position prevents further airway obstruction. Throat cultures are
contraindicated as they can trigger laryngospasm.
2. Which developmental milestone is expected for a 6-month-old infant?
A. Walking with assistance
B. Rolling from back to abdomen
C. Sitting with support
D. Using a pincer grasp
Answer: B
Rationale: Infants typically roll from back to abdomen by 6 months. Sitting without
support usually occurs by 8 months, and the pincer grasp by 9 months.
,3. A nurse is teaching parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about pancreatic
enzymes. When should these enzymes be administered?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. Immediately following every meal
C. Only when the child has fatty stools
D. With every meal and snack
Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required with all meals and snacks to assist in the
digestion and absorption of nutrients in children with Cystic Fibrosis.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a classic sign of Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Clubbing of the fingers
B. Bounding peripheral pulses
C. Machine-like murmur
D. High blood pressure in the arms
Answer: A
Rationale: Clubbing of the fingers is a sign of chronic hypoxia common in cyanotic heart
defects like Tetralogy of Fallot. A machine-like murmur is characteristic of PDA.
5. What is the priority nursing action for a child experiencing a hypercyanotic
(‘Tet’) spell?
A. Administer oxygen at 100% via mask
B. Place the child in a knee-chest position
C. Prepare for immediate intubation
D. Administer IV morphine
Answer: B
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a Tet spell.
, 6. A child with Hirschsprung disease is being prepared for surgery. The nurse
expects the stool to be described as:
A. Currant jelly-like
B. Hard and marble-like
C. Steatorrhea
D. Ribbon-like and foul-smelling
Answer: D
Rationale: Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools are characteristic of Hirschsprung disease due
to the obstruction caused by the aganglionic segment of the colon.
7. The nurse is caring for an infant with pyloric stenosis. What is the most
common clinical presentation?
A. Bile-stained emesis
B. Abdominal distension
C. Chronic diarrhea
D. Projectile vomiting
Answer: D
Rationale: Projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding is the hallmark sign of
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
8. Which pain scale is most appropriate for a 4-year-old child?
A. Wong-Baker FACES scale
B. FLACC scale
C. CRIES scale
D. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Answer: A
Rationale: The Wong-Baker FACES scale is appropriate for children as young as 3 years
old because they can point to the face that represents their pain level.
|Chamberlain College
1. A 4-year-old child with epiglottitis is brought to the emergency department.
Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?
A. Perform a throat culture to identify the organism.
B. Obtain a radial pulse oximetry reading immediately.
C. Maintain the child in an upright position and keep them calm.
D. Administer oral antibiotics as ordered.
Answer: C
Rationale: In epiglottitis, maintaining an airway is the priority. Keeping the child calm and
in an upright position prevents further airway obstruction. Throat cultures are
contraindicated as they can trigger laryngospasm.
2. Which developmental milestone is expected for a 6-month-old infant?
A. Walking with assistance
B. Rolling from back to abdomen
C. Sitting with support
D. Using a pincer grasp
Answer: B
Rationale: Infants typically roll from back to abdomen by 6 months. Sitting without
support usually occurs by 8 months, and the pincer grasp by 9 months.
,3. A nurse is teaching parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about pancreatic
enzymes. When should these enzymes be administered?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. Immediately following every meal
C. Only when the child has fatty stools
D. With every meal and snack
Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required with all meals and snacks to assist in the
digestion and absorption of nutrients in children with Cystic Fibrosis.
4. Which clinical manifestation is a classic sign of Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Clubbing of the fingers
B. Bounding peripheral pulses
C. Machine-like murmur
D. High blood pressure in the arms
Answer: A
Rationale: Clubbing of the fingers is a sign of chronic hypoxia common in cyanotic heart
defects like Tetralogy of Fallot. A machine-like murmur is characteristic of PDA.
5. What is the priority nursing action for a child experiencing a hypercyanotic
(‘Tet’) spell?
A. Administer oxygen at 100% via mask
B. Place the child in a knee-chest position
C. Prepare for immediate intubation
D. Administer IV morphine
Answer: B
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a Tet spell.
, 6. A child with Hirschsprung disease is being prepared for surgery. The nurse
expects the stool to be described as:
A. Currant jelly-like
B. Hard and marble-like
C. Steatorrhea
D. Ribbon-like and foul-smelling
Answer: D
Rationale: Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools are characteristic of Hirschsprung disease due
to the obstruction caused by the aganglionic segment of the colon.
7. The nurse is caring for an infant with pyloric stenosis. What is the most
common clinical presentation?
A. Bile-stained emesis
B. Abdominal distension
C. Chronic diarrhea
D. Projectile vomiting
Answer: D
Rationale: Projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding is the hallmark sign of
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
8. Which pain scale is most appropriate for a 4-year-old child?
A. Wong-Baker FACES scale
B. FLACC scale
C. CRIES scale
D. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10)
Answer: A
Rationale: The Wong-Baker FACES scale is appropriate for children as young as 3 years
old because they can point to the face that represents their pain level.
