CHEM 103 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!!
Concept: Ionic Compound
A: ✔️✔️ This is a chemical substance composed of ions held together by
electrostatic forces. It is created when electrons are completely moved from one
atom to another, resulting in a structure made of both positive and negative
charges.
Concept: Simple Ionic Compound
A: ✔️✔️ A basic version of an ionic bond that typically consists of one metallic
element and one non-metallic element. A classic example is Sodium Chloride
Concept: Metals vs. Nonmetals in Bonding
A: ✔️✔️
Electronegativity: Metals generally have low electronegativity, while
nonmetals have high electronegativity.
Charge Balance: Even though they are made of charged particles, the
resulting ionic compounds are electrically neutral.
Ion Types: Metals lose electrons to become cations (positive), whereas
nonmetals gain them to become anions (negative).
why do ionic compounds form? -ANSWER ✔️✔️-requires energy to form ions
(either adding or removing electrons)
-ion-ion interactions release energy and stabilize system
-Ionic compounds form when the energy released by ion-ion attractions (lattice
energy) is greater than the energy required to form the ions.
-This results in a net release of energy → the compound is thermodynamically
stable
, cations -ANSWER ✔️✔️-positively charged ions
-simple cations form when metals lose electrons
-charge usually corresponds to loss of electrons back to "core"
-Ions are less stable than neutral atoms - loss of electrons always requires energy
why do ions form if they are less stable than a neutral atom? -ANSWER
✔️✔️Because the overall process is favorable once the cation meets an anion.
-Even though it costs energy to form the cation, the lattice energy released is
even greater
lattice energy -ANSWER ✔️✔️energy released when an ionic lattice forms from
ions in the gas phase
-amount of energy depends on how strong the interaction is between ions
-stronger the attraction, the greater the lattice energy
anions -ANSWER ✔️✔️-negatively charged
-simple anions formed when non-metals gain electrons
-charge usually corresponds to gain of electrons to the next filled (sub) shell
-ions are less stable than neutral atom- gaining electrons always requires energy
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) -ANSWER ✔️✔️-each Cl- is surrounded by 6 Na+ ions
-Each Na+ is surrounded by 6 Cl- ions
what determines lattice energy -ANSWER ✔️✔️-ionic charge (higher charge =
stronger attractions)
-ionic size (smaller ions = closer together = stronger attractions)
-charge always wins over size if the differences are big enough
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT!!!!
Concept: Ionic Compound
A: ✔️✔️ This is a chemical substance composed of ions held together by
electrostatic forces. It is created when electrons are completely moved from one
atom to another, resulting in a structure made of both positive and negative
charges.
Concept: Simple Ionic Compound
A: ✔️✔️ A basic version of an ionic bond that typically consists of one metallic
element and one non-metallic element. A classic example is Sodium Chloride
Concept: Metals vs. Nonmetals in Bonding
A: ✔️✔️
Electronegativity: Metals generally have low electronegativity, while
nonmetals have high electronegativity.
Charge Balance: Even though they are made of charged particles, the
resulting ionic compounds are electrically neutral.
Ion Types: Metals lose electrons to become cations (positive), whereas
nonmetals gain them to become anions (negative).
why do ionic compounds form? -ANSWER ✔️✔️-requires energy to form ions
(either adding or removing electrons)
-ion-ion interactions release energy and stabilize system
-Ionic compounds form when the energy released by ion-ion attractions (lattice
energy) is greater than the energy required to form the ions.
-This results in a net release of energy → the compound is thermodynamically
stable
, cations -ANSWER ✔️✔️-positively charged ions
-simple cations form when metals lose electrons
-charge usually corresponds to loss of electrons back to "core"
-Ions are less stable than neutral atoms - loss of electrons always requires energy
why do ions form if they are less stable than a neutral atom? -ANSWER
✔️✔️Because the overall process is favorable once the cation meets an anion.
-Even though it costs energy to form the cation, the lattice energy released is
even greater
lattice energy -ANSWER ✔️✔️energy released when an ionic lattice forms from
ions in the gas phase
-amount of energy depends on how strong the interaction is between ions
-stronger the attraction, the greater the lattice energy
anions -ANSWER ✔️✔️-negatively charged
-simple anions formed when non-metals gain electrons
-charge usually corresponds to gain of electrons to the next filled (sub) shell
-ions are less stable than neutral atom- gaining electrons always requires energy
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) -ANSWER ✔️✔️-each Cl- is surrounded by 6 Na+ ions
-Each Na+ is surrounded by 6 Cl- ions
what determines lattice energy -ANSWER ✔️✔️-ionic charge (higher charge =
stronger attractions)
-ionic size (smaller ions = closer together = stronger attractions)
-charge always wins over size if the differences are big enough
