KINESIOLOGY OT 530 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Thermal modalities - Answers - Agents that cause a change in tissue temperature
(either heating or cooling)
Superficial thermal agents - Answers - - conduction
- convection ( <2cm)
deep thermal agents - Answers - - conversion (3-5cm)
Conduction - Answers - heat or cold is transferred from an object to the body by direct
contact with the modality
- Ex. hot pack, cold pack, paraffin
Convection - Answers - Heat or cold is transferred between two objects where one is
moving or flowing around the body part.
-Ex. whirlpool, fluidotherapy
Conversion - Answers - energy from low-frequency sound waves is converted into heat.
- Ex. Ultrasound.
Elctromagnetic Modalities - Answers - Use electromagnetic waves
-Ex. diathermy, low-level light therapy = cold lasers
Electric Modalities - Answers - uses electrotherapeutic currents and waveforms
Many potential clinical uses
-Ex. TENS, NMES, HVPC, IONTOPHORESIS
Mechanical Modalities - Answers - Device that applies force
-Ex. Mechanical traction, Vaso pneumatic devices, continuous passive motion
machines.
AOTA position statement on use of PAMs - Answers - Exclusive or standalone use of
PAMs without linking it to a client-centered, occupation-based intervention plan and
outcomes is not Occupational Therapy.
Use of PAMs in intervention plan - Answers - - preparatory to occupation
- concurrent to therapeutic occupation or purposeful activity
- component of a person's occupational routine
Physiological effects of superficial heat - Answers - magnitude of tissue temperature
changes depends on:
- extent of tissue temperature (therapeutic levels -98-104 degrees)
,- rate energy is added to tissue
- volume of tissue exposed (larger volume more chances for systemic changes)
- metabolic reactions(Vanthoff's law - metabolism increased 2-3x for every 10 degrees
rise in temp)
Physiological responses to tissue heating - Answers - - vascular effects- decreased
blood viscosity, vasodilation
- neuromuscular effects- provides analgesia to assist with pain relief, elevates pain
threshold
-connective tissue effects - superficial heat alone will not alter viscoelastic properties of
tissue, heat and stretch together.
Clinical indications for superficial heat - Answers - - pain control
- Increase tissue extensibility
- facilitate tissue healing
- Increase range of motion
- Promote relaxation
Contraindications for superficial heat - Answers - -Acute injury/ inflammation
-impaired sensation
- malignancy
-vascular insufficiency
Application over area where liniments have been applied or over a medicinal patch
- DVT/thrombophlebitis
- Acute flare ups on rheumatoid arthritis
- Multiple sclerosis
Conductive Heating agents - Answers - - hot packs
* Usually 20 min, 6-8 layers of toweling, reactions= sweating, erythema, mottling
-paraffin wax
*Low melting point, low specific heat, general range 118-126 F, dip and wrap 8 layers
for 20 min
Convection heating agents - Answers - - fluidotherapy
* Dry heating agent, operating temp 100-125 F, provides high heat fluxes and strong
massaging action, 20 min, uses cellex particles
- Whirlpool
Cryotherapy - Answers - therapeutic application of cold
energy transfer occurs via : conduction, convection, evaporation.
Physiological effects of cryotherapy - Answers - - Skin
* Skin temp decreases, piloerections, erythema, blanching
- Metabolism
*Decreases, good for acute inflammation
- Hemodynamic
, * Decreased blood flow and supply via vasoconstriction and increased viscosity.
- Hunting's Response
* Alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation with cold exposure, occurs after 15-20
min, treatment should be less than 15 min due to this occurrence.
Neuromuscular effects of cryotherapy - Answers - - decrease nerve conduction velocity
- increased pain threshold
- decreased extensibility
- stiffness increases
Clinical s for cryotherapy - Answers - - inflammation / edema
- acute injury
- post- operative orthopedic surgery
- pain control
- muscle spasm / trigger point
- motor facilitation
- post-conditioning
- cryokinetics
Contraindications for cryotherapy - Answers - - cold hypersensitivity/ intolerance
- Raynauds disease
- poor sensation
- decreased mentation
- over regenerating peripheral nerve
- cryoglobulinemia
- peripheral vascular disease (PVS)
Conductive cryotherapy agent - Answers - - ice pack 10-15 min
- ice massage 5-10 min
* cold -> burning -> ache -> numbness
What are the 9 areas of occupation ? - Answers - 1. ADls
2. IADLs
3. Rest and sleep
4. Education
5. work
6. play
7. leisure
8. health management
9. social participation
What is occupational performance ? - Answers - Completing these meaningful activities
by a person, group or population
What are performance skills? - Answers - - goal directed actions that contribute to
occupational performance
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Thermal modalities - Answers - Agents that cause a change in tissue temperature
(either heating or cooling)
Superficial thermal agents - Answers - - conduction
- convection ( <2cm)
deep thermal agents - Answers - - conversion (3-5cm)
Conduction - Answers - heat or cold is transferred from an object to the body by direct
contact with the modality
- Ex. hot pack, cold pack, paraffin
Convection - Answers - Heat or cold is transferred between two objects where one is
moving or flowing around the body part.
-Ex. whirlpool, fluidotherapy
Conversion - Answers - energy from low-frequency sound waves is converted into heat.
- Ex. Ultrasound.
Elctromagnetic Modalities - Answers - Use electromagnetic waves
-Ex. diathermy, low-level light therapy = cold lasers
Electric Modalities - Answers - uses electrotherapeutic currents and waveforms
Many potential clinical uses
-Ex. TENS, NMES, HVPC, IONTOPHORESIS
Mechanical Modalities - Answers - Device that applies force
-Ex. Mechanical traction, Vaso pneumatic devices, continuous passive motion
machines.
AOTA position statement on use of PAMs - Answers - Exclusive or standalone use of
PAMs without linking it to a client-centered, occupation-based intervention plan and
outcomes is not Occupational Therapy.
Use of PAMs in intervention plan - Answers - - preparatory to occupation
- concurrent to therapeutic occupation or purposeful activity
- component of a person's occupational routine
Physiological effects of superficial heat - Answers - magnitude of tissue temperature
changes depends on:
- extent of tissue temperature (therapeutic levels -98-104 degrees)
,- rate energy is added to tissue
- volume of tissue exposed (larger volume more chances for systemic changes)
- metabolic reactions(Vanthoff's law - metabolism increased 2-3x for every 10 degrees
rise in temp)
Physiological responses to tissue heating - Answers - - vascular effects- decreased
blood viscosity, vasodilation
- neuromuscular effects- provides analgesia to assist with pain relief, elevates pain
threshold
-connective tissue effects - superficial heat alone will not alter viscoelastic properties of
tissue, heat and stretch together.
Clinical indications for superficial heat - Answers - - pain control
- Increase tissue extensibility
- facilitate tissue healing
- Increase range of motion
- Promote relaxation
Contraindications for superficial heat - Answers - -Acute injury/ inflammation
-impaired sensation
- malignancy
-vascular insufficiency
Application over area where liniments have been applied or over a medicinal patch
- DVT/thrombophlebitis
- Acute flare ups on rheumatoid arthritis
- Multiple sclerosis
Conductive Heating agents - Answers - - hot packs
* Usually 20 min, 6-8 layers of toweling, reactions= sweating, erythema, mottling
-paraffin wax
*Low melting point, low specific heat, general range 118-126 F, dip and wrap 8 layers
for 20 min
Convection heating agents - Answers - - fluidotherapy
* Dry heating agent, operating temp 100-125 F, provides high heat fluxes and strong
massaging action, 20 min, uses cellex particles
- Whirlpool
Cryotherapy - Answers - therapeutic application of cold
energy transfer occurs via : conduction, convection, evaporation.
Physiological effects of cryotherapy - Answers - - Skin
* Skin temp decreases, piloerections, erythema, blanching
- Metabolism
*Decreases, good for acute inflammation
- Hemodynamic
, * Decreased blood flow and supply via vasoconstriction and increased viscosity.
- Hunting's Response
* Alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation with cold exposure, occurs after 15-20
min, treatment should be less than 15 min due to this occurrence.
Neuromuscular effects of cryotherapy - Answers - - decrease nerve conduction velocity
- increased pain threshold
- decreased extensibility
- stiffness increases
Clinical s for cryotherapy - Answers - - inflammation / edema
- acute injury
- post- operative orthopedic surgery
- pain control
- muscle spasm / trigger point
- motor facilitation
- post-conditioning
- cryokinetics
Contraindications for cryotherapy - Answers - - cold hypersensitivity/ intolerance
- Raynauds disease
- poor sensation
- decreased mentation
- over regenerating peripheral nerve
- cryoglobulinemia
- peripheral vascular disease (PVS)
Conductive cryotherapy agent - Answers - - ice pack 10-15 min
- ice massage 5-10 min
* cold -> burning -> ache -> numbness
What are the 9 areas of occupation ? - Answers - 1. ADls
2. IADLs
3. Rest and sleep
4. Education
5. work
6. play
7. leisure
8. health management
9. social participation
What is occupational performance ? - Answers - Completing these meaningful activities
by a person, group or population
What are performance skills? - Answers - - goal directed actions that contribute to
occupational performance
