ABPN ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● EMG finding that is regular, rhythmic and spontaneous? Regular
with abrupt start and stop? What's irregular and etiology? Sleep
syndrome associated with periods of hypersomnolence, hypersexuality
and hyperphagia? Which narcolepsy is not associated with cataplexy?
what does a ganglioneuroma arise from?.
Answer: fibrillations; CRD; fasciculations, activation of motor unit
potential; kleine-levine syndrome; type 2; sympathetic ganglion cells;
●● What is a poor prognostic marker of ependymoma? How is imaging
different from medulloblastoma? What does medulloblastoma arise
from? Tumor with soap bubble appearance? 2 other radiographic
features? Cysts with peripheral nodules in the frontal and parietal lobes
presenting in first 2 yrs of life? EEG for othahara syndrome? type of
seizures?.
Answer: RELA fusion; enlarges the 4th instead of distorting it; roof of
4th ventricle; DNET; minimal edema, overlying bone erosion;
desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma; burst suppression; tonic;
●● Rx for ADHD if coexistent sz d/o? substance use d/o? depression?
Anxiety? Protein and chromosome for TSC1? TSC2? Lesion of which
part of the frontal lobe will cause impulsiveness, innappropriate social
,behavior? Disorganized/difficulty making decisions? working memory?
abulia? lack of sympathy? brocas aphasia?.
Answer: low dose methylphenidate; atomoxetine; bupropion; stimulant
+ SSRI/SNRI; hamartin, 9; tuberin, 16; orbitofrontal cortex; rostral
prefrontal; dorsolateral prefrontal; medial prefrontal; frontopolar;
ventrolateral prefrontal;
●● how does foster kennedy syndrome present? 2 types of breath
holding spells? Which is when child just stops breathing? Triad for
hyperekplexia? Inheritance? Chromosome? Pathophys? Alleviating
factor? Broadman area for motor cortex? Wernickes area? mneumonic
and muscles for radial nerve? where would lesion be to affect triceps? 1
unique effects of C7 radiculopathy vs radial neuropathy? lesion if
sensation effected?.
Answer: ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema; pallid,
cyanotic; pallid; generalized stiffness, nocturnal myoclonus, exagerated
startle? Autosomal dominant; 5q; glycine receptor mutation; flexing hips
or necks; 4; 22; BEAST - brachioradialis, extensors of forearm,
anconeus, supinator, triceps; proximal to spiral groove; triceps and wrist
flexion weakness; proximal to elbow
●● severity of OSA if 15-30 AHI? 3 Risk factors for central sleep
apnea? 2 differences in pediatric OSA vs adult? Definition of apnea?
Hypopnea? moA of pregabalin and gabapentin? Difference in semiology
for panayiotopoulos vs gastaut? 3 postive prognosticators for GBM? 3
components of guillaine mollaret triangle? d/o this causes? name of
aseptic meningitis d/t HSV2?.
,Answer: moderate; brainstem lesions, opioids, CHF; nightime symptoms
less severe, daytime somnolence worse; lack of inspiration > 10s; 30%
reduction airflow > 10s and desat at least 3-4%; bind to alpha2 subunit
of VGCC to modulate calcium influx; vomiting/autonomic sx VS visual
symptoms; IDH mutated, MGMT methylated, TERT wild-type;
contralateral red nucleus, ipsilateral inferior olive, ipsilateral dentate
nucleus; palatal myoclonus; mollaret meningitis;
●● name 3 non-REM parasomnias? 2 REM parasomnias? Age for sleep
terror? Sleep walking? When is dream recall intact? Etiology of hartnups
disease? Presentation is similar to what other disease? What other
unique symptom? Inheritance? Gene for Wilson's disease? inheritance? 3
lab findings? 2 treatments? what if pregnant?.
Answer: sleep terror, confusional arousal, sleep walking; RBD,
nightmares; 4-12; 11-12; REM parasomnia; impaired tryptophan
absorption; pellagra; photosensitivity; autosomal recessive; ATP7B;
autosomal recessive; inc urinary copper, dec serum copper, dec serum
ceruloplasmin; low copper diet, penicillamine; zinc acetate;
●● 3 lab findings for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency? Inheritance?
d/o causing buildup of phytanic acid? Inheritance? 5 symptoms? Name
of epileptic encephalopathy occurring in first few hours of life?
Etiology? Association? d/o caused by the Tsetse fly? CSF finding? 2
phases? 2 first line treatments? rescue therapy?.
Answer: inc lactate, inc pyruvate, dec lactate:pyruvate ratio; X-linked;
refsums disease; autosomal recessive; PN, cerebellar degeneration,
retinitis pigmentosa, palpable thickening of nerves, scaly skin; early
myoclonic encephalopathy; non-ketotic hyperglycemia from
, accumulation of glycine; thinning/absence of corpus callosum; african
sleeping sickness; MOTT cells; hemolymphatic, CNS; suramin,
pentamidine; melarsoprol;
●● most common SCA? Inheritance? Etiology? Which type causes
brainstem atrophy? Cerebellar atrophy? Retinal degeneration?
Paroxysmal dyskinesia associated with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome?
Type of memory preserved in pseudodementia? Type of memory used to
recall recent event? retain phone numbers for period of time? 2
predictors of malignancy post-stroke cerebral edema? difference
between MoA of amphetamines vs cocaine?.
Answer: SCA 3 (machado-joseph disease); autosomal dominant; CAG
expansion in ATXN3 gene on chromosome 14; SCA1; SCA 2; SCA7;
paroxysmal exercise induced; implicit memory; episodic memory;
working memory; NIHSS > 20 (dominant) or NIHS > 15 (non-
dominant), and infarct core > 82cc; amphetamines stimulates direct
release of NE, serotonin, dopamine VS cocaine is a reuptake inhibitor;
●● moA of PCP? 3 hallucinogens that work on serotonin? Inhalant that
causes leukoencephalopathy? Exposure? Inhalant in glue sniffers?
Characteristic symptom? EMG wave equivalent to S1 reflex arc? How
to test? Uniquely evaluates what? what other wave is tested by it? How
to test F wave? path for nieman pick, gaucher, krabbe, and tay-sach?
enzyme deficient in nieman pick type A and B? what test positive for C?
unique clinical feature? enzyme deficient for gaucher? characteristic
feature? type that begins after age 2?.
Answer: NMDA antagonist; LSD, psilocybin (shrooms), MDMA
(ecstasy); toluene; paints; n-hexane; cold blue feet d/t PN with
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● EMG finding that is regular, rhythmic and spontaneous? Regular
with abrupt start and stop? What's irregular and etiology? Sleep
syndrome associated with periods of hypersomnolence, hypersexuality
and hyperphagia? Which narcolepsy is not associated with cataplexy?
what does a ganglioneuroma arise from?.
Answer: fibrillations; CRD; fasciculations, activation of motor unit
potential; kleine-levine syndrome; type 2; sympathetic ganglion cells;
●● What is a poor prognostic marker of ependymoma? How is imaging
different from medulloblastoma? What does medulloblastoma arise
from? Tumor with soap bubble appearance? 2 other radiographic
features? Cysts with peripheral nodules in the frontal and parietal lobes
presenting in first 2 yrs of life? EEG for othahara syndrome? type of
seizures?.
Answer: RELA fusion; enlarges the 4th instead of distorting it; roof of
4th ventricle; DNET; minimal edema, overlying bone erosion;
desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma; burst suppression; tonic;
●● Rx for ADHD if coexistent sz d/o? substance use d/o? depression?
Anxiety? Protein and chromosome for TSC1? TSC2? Lesion of which
part of the frontal lobe will cause impulsiveness, innappropriate social
,behavior? Disorganized/difficulty making decisions? working memory?
abulia? lack of sympathy? brocas aphasia?.
Answer: low dose methylphenidate; atomoxetine; bupropion; stimulant
+ SSRI/SNRI; hamartin, 9; tuberin, 16; orbitofrontal cortex; rostral
prefrontal; dorsolateral prefrontal; medial prefrontal; frontopolar;
ventrolateral prefrontal;
●● how does foster kennedy syndrome present? 2 types of breath
holding spells? Which is when child just stops breathing? Triad for
hyperekplexia? Inheritance? Chromosome? Pathophys? Alleviating
factor? Broadman area for motor cortex? Wernickes area? mneumonic
and muscles for radial nerve? where would lesion be to affect triceps? 1
unique effects of C7 radiculopathy vs radial neuropathy? lesion if
sensation effected?.
Answer: ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema; pallid,
cyanotic; pallid; generalized stiffness, nocturnal myoclonus, exagerated
startle? Autosomal dominant; 5q; glycine receptor mutation; flexing hips
or necks; 4; 22; BEAST - brachioradialis, extensors of forearm,
anconeus, supinator, triceps; proximal to spiral groove; triceps and wrist
flexion weakness; proximal to elbow
●● severity of OSA if 15-30 AHI? 3 Risk factors for central sleep
apnea? 2 differences in pediatric OSA vs adult? Definition of apnea?
Hypopnea? moA of pregabalin and gabapentin? Difference in semiology
for panayiotopoulos vs gastaut? 3 postive prognosticators for GBM? 3
components of guillaine mollaret triangle? d/o this causes? name of
aseptic meningitis d/t HSV2?.
,Answer: moderate; brainstem lesions, opioids, CHF; nightime symptoms
less severe, daytime somnolence worse; lack of inspiration > 10s; 30%
reduction airflow > 10s and desat at least 3-4%; bind to alpha2 subunit
of VGCC to modulate calcium influx; vomiting/autonomic sx VS visual
symptoms; IDH mutated, MGMT methylated, TERT wild-type;
contralateral red nucleus, ipsilateral inferior olive, ipsilateral dentate
nucleus; palatal myoclonus; mollaret meningitis;
●● name 3 non-REM parasomnias? 2 REM parasomnias? Age for sleep
terror? Sleep walking? When is dream recall intact? Etiology of hartnups
disease? Presentation is similar to what other disease? What other
unique symptom? Inheritance? Gene for Wilson's disease? inheritance? 3
lab findings? 2 treatments? what if pregnant?.
Answer: sleep terror, confusional arousal, sleep walking; RBD,
nightmares; 4-12; 11-12; REM parasomnia; impaired tryptophan
absorption; pellagra; photosensitivity; autosomal recessive; ATP7B;
autosomal recessive; inc urinary copper, dec serum copper, dec serum
ceruloplasmin; low copper diet, penicillamine; zinc acetate;
●● 3 lab findings for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency? Inheritance?
d/o causing buildup of phytanic acid? Inheritance? 5 symptoms? Name
of epileptic encephalopathy occurring in first few hours of life?
Etiology? Association? d/o caused by the Tsetse fly? CSF finding? 2
phases? 2 first line treatments? rescue therapy?.
Answer: inc lactate, inc pyruvate, dec lactate:pyruvate ratio; X-linked;
refsums disease; autosomal recessive; PN, cerebellar degeneration,
retinitis pigmentosa, palpable thickening of nerves, scaly skin; early
myoclonic encephalopathy; non-ketotic hyperglycemia from
, accumulation of glycine; thinning/absence of corpus callosum; african
sleeping sickness; MOTT cells; hemolymphatic, CNS; suramin,
pentamidine; melarsoprol;
●● most common SCA? Inheritance? Etiology? Which type causes
brainstem atrophy? Cerebellar atrophy? Retinal degeneration?
Paroxysmal dyskinesia associated with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome?
Type of memory preserved in pseudodementia? Type of memory used to
recall recent event? retain phone numbers for period of time? 2
predictors of malignancy post-stroke cerebral edema? difference
between MoA of amphetamines vs cocaine?.
Answer: SCA 3 (machado-joseph disease); autosomal dominant; CAG
expansion in ATXN3 gene on chromosome 14; SCA1; SCA 2; SCA7;
paroxysmal exercise induced; implicit memory; episodic memory;
working memory; NIHSS > 20 (dominant) or NIHS > 15 (non-
dominant), and infarct core > 82cc; amphetamines stimulates direct
release of NE, serotonin, dopamine VS cocaine is a reuptake inhibitor;
●● moA of PCP? 3 hallucinogens that work on serotonin? Inhalant that
causes leukoencephalopathy? Exposure? Inhalant in glue sniffers?
Characteristic symptom? EMG wave equivalent to S1 reflex arc? How
to test? Uniquely evaluates what? what other wave is tested by it? How
to test F wave? path for nieman pick, gaucher, krabbe, and tay-sach?
enzyme deficient in nieman pick type A and B? what test positive for C?
unique clinical feature? enzyme deficient for gaucher? characteristic
feature? type that begins after age 2?.
Answer: NMDA antagonist; LSD, psilocybin (shrooms), MDMA
(ecstasy); toluene; paints; n-hexane; cold blue feet d/t PN with
