PSYC1111 Exam with 100% Correct
Answers
Animal testing - ANSWER-- Replacement of animals
- Reduction in number of animals
- Refinement of experimental procedures
Artifacts - ANSWER-Something that is ever present in all groups that are being tested
that stays constant
assumptions of the t test - ANSWER-- values in the sample consist of independent
observations
- the population sampled must be normal
Case studies - ANSWER-Intensive description and analysis of a single individual,
organisation or event based on information from a variety of sources
central limit theorem - ANSWER-the mean of all the samples should equal the mean of
the population
Central tendency - ANSWER-statistical measure that determines a single value that
accurately describes the center of distribution and represents the entire distribution of
scores.
Concurrent validity - ANSWER-compares the scores on two current measures to
determine whether they are consistent
confidence interval - ANSWER-boundaries within which we believe the true value of the
mean will fall
Confounds - ANSWER-extraneous variables that systematically varies or influences
both the independent and dependent variables
Construct validity - ANSWER-How well do the variables in your experiment represent
the abstract variables of interest
Convergent validity - ANSWER-Degree to which multiple items adequately sample the
same target construct
Correlation methods - ANSWER-simply measuring but not manipulating variables
, Counterbalancing - ANSWER-repeated measures in which the same groups experience
all levels of the IV
Criterion validity - ANSWER-measures how well scores on one measure predicts the
outcome on another measure
degrees of freedom - ANSWER-number of scores in a sample that are independent and
free to vary with no restriction
n-1
Descriptive research - ANSWER-aim to measure and describe what is occurring in a
certain context, with no explanations
Determinism - ANSWER-There is some underlying systematic order, to many
phenomena in the universe
Difference between pseudoscience - ANSWER-- unfalsifiable hypothesis
- vague/ poorly defined concepts
- Un-parsimonious hypothesis
- Use of testimonials
- Biased sampling
- Placebo effects
Directional hypothesis - ANSWER-States there is a relationship between variables and
the expected direction of the relationship
Divergent validity - ANSWER-Demonstrate the we are measuring one construct with
multiple domains
Empiricism - ANSWER-Claims must be supported by evidence: the larger the claim, the
more evidence needed.
Ethical dilemmas - ANSWER-- cost to participant vs. gain to science
- researchers are not neutral parties
- require a panel for review
External validity - ANSWER-How well does a causal relationship hold across different
people, settings and variables, i.e. the generalizibility of an experiment
Falsificationism - ANSWER-Action of falsifying information or a theory
General hypothesis - ANSWER-States there is a relationship between variables
Hypothesis - ANSWER-specific statement about the predicted relationship between two
variables
Answers
Animal testing - ANSWER-- Replacement of animals
- Reduction in number of animals
- Refinement of experimental procedures
Artifacts - ANSWER-Something that is ever present in all groups that are being tested
that stays constant
assumptions of the t test - ANSWER-- values in the sample consist of independent
observations
- the population sampled must be normal
Case studies - ANSWER-Intensive description and analysis of a single individual,
organisation or event based on information from a variety of sources
central limit theorem - ANSWER-the mean of all the samples should equal the mean of
the population
Central tendency - ANSWER-statistical measure that determines a single value that
accurately describes the center of distribution and represents the entire distribution of
scores.
Concurrent validity - ANSWER-compares the scores on two current measures to
determine whether they are consistent
confidence interval - ANSWER-boundaries within which we believe the true value of the
mean will fall
Confounds - ANSWER-extraneous variables that systematically varies or influences
both the independent and dependent variables
Construct validity - ANSWER-How well do the variables in your experiment represent
the abstract variables of interest
Convergent validity - ANSWER-Degree to which multiple items adequately sample the
same target construct
Correlation methods - ANSWER-simply measuring but not manipulating variables
, Counterbalancing - ANSWER-repeated measures in which the same groups experience
all levels of the IV
Criterion validity - ANSWER-measures how well scores on one measure predicts the
outcome on another measure
degrees of freedom - ANSWER-number of scores in a sample that are independent and
free to vary with no restriction
n-1
Descriptive research - ANSWER-aim to measure and describe what is occurring in a
certain context, with no explanations
Determinism - ANSWER-There is some underlying systematic order, to many
phenomena in the universe
Difference between pseudoscience - ANSWER-- unfalsifiable hypothesis
- vague/ poorly defined concepts
- Un-parsimonious hypothesis
- Use of testimonials
- Biased sampling
- Placebo effects
Directional hypothesis - ANSWER-States there is a relationship between variables and
the expected direction of the relationship
Divergent validity - ANSWER-Demonstrate the we are measuring one construct with
multiple domains
Empiricism - ANSWER-Claims must be supported by evidence: the larger the claim, the
more evidence needed.
Ethical dilemmas - ANSWER-- cost to participant vs. gain to science
- researchers are not neutral parties
- require a panel for review
External validity - ANSWER-How well does a causal relationship hold across different
people, settings and variables, i.e. the generalizibility of an experiment
Falsificationism - ANSWER-Action of falsifying information or a theory
General hypothesis - ANSWER-States there is a relationship between variables
Hypothesis - ANSWER-specific statement about the predicted relationship between two
variables
