TRU PSYC 1111 - Unit 3 bold terms
(and a few extras) Exam Questions
and Answers
10 key findings of positive psychology - ANS-1. Most people are happy.
2. Happiness is a cause of good things in life and not simply a result of success or good
outcomes. Happy people make good things happen.
3. Political conservatives are happier than political liberals.
4. Most people are resilient. They bounce back from adversity, both large and small.
5. Happiness, strengths of character, and good social relationships are buffers against
the damaging effects of disappointments and setbacks.
6. Religious faith matters. People for whom religion is important are happier and cope
better with stress compared to non-believers.
7. Money makes an ever-diminishing contribution to wellbeing, but money can buy
happiness if it is spent on other people.
8. As a route to a satisfying life, eudaimonia (i.e., a life of meaning) trumps hedonism
(i.e., a life of pleasure).
9. Good days have common features: feeling autonomous, competent, and connected
to others.
10. The good life can be taught.
3 external causes of SWB (bottom-up influences) - ANS--sufficient material resources
-sufficient social resources
-desirable society
3 internal causes of SWB (top-down influences) - ANS-I-nborn temperament
-Personality and temperament
-Outlook
activation-synthesis theory of dreaming - ANS-(Hobson & McCarley, 1977; Hobson,
2004) proposes that dreams are our brain's interpretation of the random firing of
, neurons in the brain stem. According to this approach, the signals from the brain stem
are sent to the cortex, just as they are when we are awake, but because the pathways
from the cortex to skeletal muscles are disconnected during REM sleep, the cortex does
not know how to interpret the bombardment of signals. As a result, the cortex strings the
messages together into the coherent stories we experience as dreams.
adaptation - ANS-important in understanding happiness. When good and bad events
occur, people often react strongly at first, but then their reactions adapt over time and
they return to their former levels of happiness. For instance, many people are euphoric
when they first marry, but over time they grow accustomed to the marriage and are no
longer ecstatic.
Alarm reaction (1st stage of GAS) - ANS-the body's immediate reaction upon facing a
threatening situation or emergency, and it is roughly analogous to the fight-or-flight
response described by Cannon.
During an alarm reaction, you are alerted to a stressor, and your body alarms you with a
cascade of physiological
reactions that provide you with the energy to manage the situation. A person who wakes
up in the middle of the night
to discover their house is on fire, for example, is experiencing an alarm reaction.
alcohol - ANS-is a colourless liquid produced by the fermentation
of sugar or starch, that is the intoxicating agent in fermented drinks. ______ is the
oldest and most widely used drug of abuse in the world. In low to moderate doses,
______ first acts to remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic
nervous system. In higher doses, ______ acts on the cerebellum to interfere with
coordination and balance, producing the staggering gait of drunkenness. At high blood
levels, further CNS depression leads to dizziness, nausea, and eventually a loss of
consciousness.
______ is not a "safe" drug by any means; its safety ratio
is only 10
amphetamine - ANS-a stimulant that produces increased wakefulness and focus along
with decreased fatigue and appetite. ______ are used in prescription medications to
treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) and narcolepsy as well as to control appetite.
Some brand names of ______ are Adderall, Benzedrine, Dexedrine, and Vyvanse.
However, ______ (i.e., "speed") is also used illegally as a recreational drug.
automatic behaviours - ANS-unconscious behaviours or behaviours we are unaware of
barbiturates - ANS-depressants that are commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and
painkillers. Brand names include Luminal, Mebaraland, Nembutal, Seconal, and
Sombulex. In small to moderate doses, ______ produce relaxation and sleepiness, but
in higher doses, symptoms may include sluggishness, difficulty in thinking, slowness of
(and a few extras) Exam Questions
and Answers
10 key findings of positive psychology - ANS-1. Most people are happy.
2. Happiness is a cause of good things in life and not simply a result of success or good
outcomes. Happy people make good things happen.
3. Political conservatives are happier than political liberals.
4. Most people are resilient. They bounce back from adversity, both large and small.
5. Happiness, strengths of character, and good social relationships are buffers against
the damaging effects of disappointments and setbacks.
6. Religious faith matters. People for whom religion is important are happier and cope
better with stress compared to non-believers.
7. Money makes an ever-diminishing contribution to wellbeing, but money can buy
happiness if it is spent on other people.
8. As a route to a satisfying life, eudaimonia (i.e., a life of meaning) trumps hedonism
(i.e., a life of pleasure).
9. Good days have common features: feeling autonomous, competent, and connected
to others.
10. The good life can be taught.
3 external causes of SWB (bottom-up influences) - ANS--sufficient material resources
-sufficient social resources
-desirable society
3 internal causes of SWB (top-down influences) - ANS-I-nborn temperament
-Personality and temperament
-Outlook
activation-synthesis theory of dreaming - ANS-(Hobson & McCarley, 1977; Hobson,
2004) proposes that dreams are our brain's interpretation of the random firing of
, neurons in the brain stem. According to this approach, the signals from the brain stem
are sent to the cortex, just as they are when we are awake, but because the pathways
from the cortex to skeletal muscles are disconnected during REM sleep, the cortex does
not know how to interpret the bombardment of signals. As a result, the cortex strings the
messages together into the coherent stories we experience as dreams.
adaptation - ANS-important in understanding happiness. When good and bad events
occur, people often react strongly at first, but then their reactions adapt over time and
they return to their former levels of happiness. For instance, many people are euphoric
when they first marry, but over time they grow accustomed to the marriage and are no
longer ecstatic.
Alarm reaction (1st stage of GAS) - ANS-the body's immediate reaction upon facing a
threatening situation or emergency, and it is roughly analogous to the fight-or-flight
response described by Cannon.
During an alarm reaction, you are alerted to a stressor, and your body alarms you with a
cascade of physiological
reactions that provide you with the energy to manage the situation. A person who wakes
up in the middle of the night
to discover their house is on fire, for example, is experiencing an alarm reaction.
alcohol - ANS-is a colourless liquid produced by the fermentation
of sugar or starch, that is the intoxicating agent in fermented drinks. ______ is the
oldest and most widely used drug of abuse in the world. In low to moderate doses,
______ first acts to remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic
nervous system. In higher doses, ______ acts on the cerebellum to interfere with
coordination and balance, producing the staggering gait of drunkenness. At high blood
levels, further CNS depression leads to dizziness, nausea, and eventually a loss of
consciousness.
______ is not a "safe" drug by any means; its safety ratio
is only 10
amphetamine - ANS-a stimulant that produces increased wakefulness and focus along
with decreased fatigue and appetite. ______ are used in prescription medications to
treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) and narcolepsy as well as to control appetite.
Some brand names of ______ are Adderall, Benzedrine, Dexedrine, and Vyvanse.
However, ______ (i.e., "speed") is also used illegally as a recreational drug.
automatic behaviours - ANS-unconscious behaviours or behaviours we are unaware of
barbiturates - ANS-depressants that are commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and
painkillers. Brand names include Luminal, Mebaraland, Nembutal, Seconal, and
Sombulex. In small to moderate doses, ______ produce relaxation and sleepiness, but
in higher doses, symptoms may include sluggishness, difficulty in thinking, slowness of
