WEEK 1 - BIOS 242 EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/202

WEEK 1 - BIOS 242 EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026

Antoni g,van g,Leeuwenhoek g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,father g,of g,microbiology g,
g,

Antoni g,van g,Leeuwenhoek g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,he g,began g,making g,and g,using
g,simple g, microscopes, g,and g,often g,made g,a g,new g, microscope g,for g,each g,specimen g,
g,

bacteria, g,archaea, g,fungi, g,protozoa, g,algae, g,and g,small g,multicellular g,animals g, g, g, g,(
g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,Leeuwenhoek's g,microorganism g,classifications g,
g,

bacteria g,and g,archaea g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,unicellular g,and g,lack g,nuclei, g,much
g,smaller g,than g,eukaryotes, g,found g,everywhere g,there g,is g,sufficient g,moisture, g,reproduce

g,asexually g,
g,

bacteria g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,peptidoglycan g,
g,

fungi g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,eukaryotic g,(have g,membrane-bound g,nucleus), g,obtain
g,food g,from g,other g,organisms, g,and g,possess g,cell g,walls g,
g,

two g,categories g,of g,fungi g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,molds g,and g,yeasts g,
g,

molds g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,multicellular; g,grow g,a g,long g,filaments; g,reproduce g,by
g,sexual g,and g,asexual g,spores g,
g,

yeasts g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,unicellular; g,reproduce g,asexually g,by g,budding; g,some
g,produce g,sexual g,spores g,
g,

protozoa g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,single g,celled g,eukaryotes, g,similar g,to g,animals g,in
g,nutrient g,needs g,and g,cellular g,structures, g,live g,freely g,in g,water, g,asexual, g,most g,are

g,capable g,of g,locomotion g,
g,

pseudopods g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,cell g,extensions g,that g,flow g,in g,direction g,of g,travel g,
g,

cilia g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,numerous g,short g,protrusions g,that g,propel g,organisms
g,through g,its g,environment g,
g,

flagella g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,extensions g,of g,a g,cell g,that g,are g,fewer, g,longer, g,and
g, more g, whiplike g,than g,cilia g,
g,

algae g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,can g,be g,unicellular g,or g,multicellular, g,photosynthetic,
g,simple g,reproductive g,structures, g,and g,categorized g,based g,on g,pigmentation g,and

g,composition g,of g,cell g,wall g,
g,

Aristotle g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,who g,first g,proposed g,spontaneous g,generation g,
g,

spontaneous g,generation g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,living g,things g,can g,arise g,from
g,nonliving g, matter g,
g,




GRADED A+

, Redi's g,experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-When g,decaying g,meat g,was g,kept
g,isolated g,from g,flies, g,maggots g,never g,developed g,-Meat g,exposed g,to g,flies g,was g,soon

g,infested g,

-As g,a g,result, g,scientists g,began g,to g,doubt g,Aristotle's g,theory g,
g,

Needham's g,experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-Scientists g,agreed g,that g,large
g,animals g,could g,not g,arise g,spontaneously, g,but g,believed g,microbes g,could. g,

-Needham's g,experiments g,with g,beef g,gravy g,and g,infusions g,of g,plant g,material g,reinforced
g,this g,idea g,
g,

Figured g,the g,microbes g,needed g,food g,to g,eat g,in g,order g,to g,grow g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g,
g,Why g,did g,Needham g,use g,plant g,material? g,
g,

Spallanzani's g,Experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-Contradicted g,Needham g, g,
-Concluded g,that: g,Needham g,failed g,to g,heat g,vials g,sufficiently g,enough g,to g,kill g,all
g, microbes, g,microbes g,can g,exist g,in g,air g,(thus g,contaminating) g,

-Did g,not g,believe g,in g,spontaneous g,generation g,
g,

Boiled g,the g,meat g,that g,way g,if g,there g,was g,any g,microorganisms g,they g,would g,be g,killed
g,with g,the g,heat g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,Why g,did g,Needham g,use g,gravy? g,
g,

Pasteur's g,experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-Performed g,experiments g,with
g,"swannecked" g,flasks g,

-When g,the g,flasks g,remained g,upright, g,no g,microbial g,growth g,appeared g,
-When g,the g,flask g,was g,tilted, g,dust g,from g,the g,bend g,in g,the g,neck g,seeped g,back g,in g,to g,the
g,flask g,and g,made g,the g,infusion g,cloudy g,with g,microbes g,
g,

Pasteur's g,experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,showed g,that g,dust g,in g,the g,air g,is g,what
g,caused g,spontaneous g,generation g,(what g,we g, still g,believe g,today) g,
g,

juice g,in g,flask g,is g,inoculated g,with g,bacteria g,and g,sealed g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g,
g,bacteria g,reproduce g,and g,acids g,are g,produced g,(bacteria g,ferment g,grape g,juice g,into

g,acids) g,
g,

juice g,in g,flask g,is g,inoculated g,with g,yeast g,and g,sealed g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,yeast
g,reproduce g,and g,alcohol g,is g,produced g,(yeast g,ferments g,grape g,juice g,into g,alcohol) g,
g,

Pasteurization g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,process g,of g,heating g,liquids g,just g,enough g,to
g,kill g,most g,bacteria, g,but g,still g,need g,to g,refrigerate g,so g,other g,bacteria g,does g,not g,grow g,
g,

Buchner's g,experiments g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,demonstrated g,fermentation g,does
g,not g,require g,living g,cells g,(showed g,enzymes g,promote g,chemical g,reactions) g,
g,

Buchner g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,who g,began g,the g,field g,of g,biochemistry? g,
g,

Germ g,Theory g,of g,Disease g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-Developed g,by g,Pasteur g,
-Some g,diseases g,are g,caused g,by g,specific g,germs g,called g,pathogens g,
g,

Robert g,Koch g, g, g, g,( g,correct g,answers g,) g, g, g,-Studied g,causative g,agents g,of g,disease
g,(etiology) g,-Demonstrated g,a g,bacterium g,causes g,anthrax g,
g,




GRADED A+